(Decimal to hex) Write a program that prompts the user to...

(Decimal to hex) Write a program that prompts the user to enter an integer between 0 and 15 and displays its corresponding hex number. Here are some sample runs: Enter a decimal value $(0 \text { to } 15): 11$ The hex value is $B$ Enter a decimal value $(0 \text { to } 15 \text { ): } 5$ The hex value is 5 Enter a decimal value $(0 \text { to } 15): 31$ Invalid input

(Decimal to hex) Write a program that prompts the user to enter an integer between 0 and 15 and displays its corresponding hex number. Here are some sample runs:
Enter a decimal value $(0 \text { to } 15): 11$ The hex value is $B$
Enter a decimal value $(0 \text { to } 15 \text { ): } 5$ The hex value is 5
Enter a decimal value $(0 \text { to } 15): 31$ Invalid input

Key Concepts

Conversion Between Numeral Systems

This involves changing a number from one base to another, such as converting a decimal number to its hexadecimal equivalent. Understanding this conversion is crucial for tasks in computer science and engineering, as it bridges human-friendly numerical representations and machine-level data formats.

Input Validation

Input validation is the process of ensuring that the data provided by the user meets specific criteria before it is processed further. In programming, validating that an input falls within an expected range helps to prevent errors, ensures correctness, and can protect against unintended behavior or security vulnerabilities.

Number Systems

This concept introduces the various ways numbers can be represented using different bases. In computing, the decimal system (base 10) is commonly used for everyday arithmetic, while the hexadecimal system (base 16) is frequently employed for programming and memory addressing due to its compact representation of binary values.

Conditional Control Flow

Conditional control flow refers to the use of statements, such as if-else or switch-case, to determine which code blocks should be executed based on certain conditions. This concept is fundamental in programming for executing different actions based on user input or other runtime conditions, thereby allowing dynamic and correct program behavior.

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