Define immunocompetence and self-tolerance. How is self-tolerance achieved?

Name: Problem 16, Chapter 21: Human Anatomy & Physiology
Uploaded: 2020-06-29T02:45:24-08:00
Duration: 1 min
Channel: Sam Limsuwannarot
Description: Define immunocompetence and self-tolerance. How is self-tolerance achieved?

step 1 here wants us to explain the similarities and differences between the two terms tolerance and ad

Define immunocompetence and self-tolerance. How is...

Key Concepts

Self-Tolerance

Self-tolerance is the capacity of the immune system to avoid attacking the body’s own tissues and cells. It is essential to prevent autoimmune reactions, ensuring that the immune response is directed only towards non-self or foreign antigens while leaving self-antigens unharmed.

Peripheral Tolerance

Peripheral tolerance refers to the regulatory mechanisms that act on immune cells that have escaped central tolerance. These mechanisms include anergy, suppression by regulatory T cells, and other inhibitory processes that prevent self-reactive cells from being activated in peripheral tissues, thereby maintaining immune system balance and self-tolerance.

Immunocompetence

Immunocompetence refers to the ability of the immune system to recognize and mount an appropriate response against pathogens and other foreign agents. It involves the proper functioning of lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, and various immune signaling mechanisms that work together to provide a protective response to infections and diseases.

Central Tolerance

Central tolerance is the mechanism by which self-reactive immune cells are eliminated during their development in primary lymphoid organs like the thymus for T cells and bone marrow for B cells. Through processes such as negative selection, cells that strongly react to self-antigens are either deleted or rendered non-functional, thus preventing autoimmunity.

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