Electric displacement, denoted as \(\mathbf{D}\), is a vector field in electromagnetism. It is defined as:
\[
\mathbf{D} = \epsilon_0 \mathbf{E} + \mathbf{P}
\]
where \(\epsilon_0\) is the permittivity of free space, \(\mathbf{E}\) is the electric field, and
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