Question
Describe and give the results of an experiment that shows that polymerase III makes tRNA and $5 \mathrm{~S}$ rRNA.
Step 1
To do this, we need to selectively inhibit or knock out polymerase III activity in a cell and observe the effects on the synthesis of tRNA and 5S rRNA. Show more…
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2. Investigators have discovered that yeast cells synthesize an RNA molecule that is not mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, or any other known RNA species. They wish to know whether RNA polymerase I, II, or III is responsible for its synthesis. Suggest a simple experimental approach that would help to determine which of the polymerases is responsible for the synthesis of the new type of RNA. 3. In contrast to bacteria, eukaryotes require a distinct RNA polymerase to synthesize rRNAs, mRNAs, and tRNAs. Is this requirement for a distinct RNA polymerase a result of the fact that eukaryotes have a defined nucleus and bacteria do not? Provide evidence to support your answer.
Scientists studying transcription in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) created an experimental strain that produced a modified RNA polymerase containing a single amino acid substitution. The scientists determined the maximum elongation rate during transcription with and without the modified RNA polymerase enzyme (Figure 1). The compound amanitin, which is commonly found in toxic mushrooms, is a specific RNA polymerase inhibitor. Amanitin binds to the RNA polymerase active site and inhibits transcription. In a second experiment, the scientists treated the wild-type and experimental strains of S. cerevisiae with a 40 μg/mL solution of amanitin and recorded the maximum elongation rate of the mRNA (Figure 2). Error bars represent ±2SEx. Figure 1. Maximum elongation rate under natural conditions Figure 2. Maximum elongation rate in a 40 μg/mL amanitin solution
Scientists studying transcription in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) created an experimental strain that produced a modified RNA polymerase containing a single amino acid substitution. The scientists determined the maximum elongation rate during transcription with and without the modified RNA polymerase enzyme (Figure 1). The compound amanitin, which is commonly found in toxic mushrooms, is a specific RNA polymerase inhibitor. Amanitin binds to the RNA polymerase active site and inhibits transcription. In a second experiment, the scientists treated the wild-type and experimental strains of S. cerevisiae with a 40 μg/mL solution of amanitin and recorded the maximum elongation rate of the mRNA (Figure 2). Error bars represent ±2SEx̄. Figure 1. Maximum elongation rate under natural conditions Figure 2. Maximum elongation rate in a 40 μg/mL amanitin solution
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