Describe the principal methods of contraception, including...

Key Concepts

Contraceptive Methods

This concept encompasses the variety of strategies and techniques used to prevent pregnancy. These methods include hormonal approaches (such as pills, patches, implants, and injections), barrier devices (like condoms and diaphragms), intrauterine devices (IUDs), surgical sterilization, and natural family planning techniques. Each method works in a unique way and is chosen based on individual needs, lifestyle, and health considerations.

Mechanisms of Action

The mechanism of action refers to how each contraceptive method prevents pregnancy. Hormonal methods typically function by inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, or altering the uterine lining to prevent fertilization and implantation. Barrier methods physically block sperm from reaching the egg, while intrauterine devices may disrupt the local environment within the uterus. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to selecting a method that aligns with an individual's health profile and lifestyle.

Efficacy and Failure Rates

Efficacy in contraception is measured by the failure rates of different methods, which indicate the likelihood of pregnancy occurring despite the method's use. Factors such as perfect use versus typical use influence these rates. Hormonal methods and IUDs tend to have lower failure rates with proper use, while methods like natural family planning or barrier methods might have higher typical-use failure rates. Assessing efficacy is key for individuals to weigh the benefits and potential risks associated with each method.

Protection Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Protection against STDs is a critical consideration when choosing a contraceptive method. Barrier methods like condoms provide a physical barrier that reduces the risk of transmitting STDs. In contrast, hormonal methods, IUDs, and sterilization do not offer protection against infections. It is important to understand that while some methods are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, they may not safeguard against infections, necessitating a combination of strategies for comprehensive sexual health protection.

Transcript

00:03 Hello there.

00:04 For this problem, they want us to describe the principal methods of contraception, including their methods of action, likely failure rate, and protection against stds.

00:18 So let's begin with the first one.

00:19 So the first one they have is not having any type of contraception whatsoever, where you just have, you have frequent intercourse with no contraception.

00:31 The failure rate is obviously 95 % from women under the age of 25 years old and it starts declining to about 45 % by age 40 and of course the protection against sdds is virtually none then you got one where it's abstinence where you have no sexual activity the failure rate the likelihood for the failure rate is obviously 0%.

01:08 And of course, the protection of std is excellent because you're not having sex, where the only way you might get it is like you, you're stunned, you get your needle, your finger stabbed by a needle that's been affected by some sort of sexually transmitted disease or whatnot.

01:27 The next one is birth control, and where birth control is just a pill that contains.

01:33 Either synthetic estrogen and synthetic progesterine, which is a combination pill, or progesterone only, which is a mini pill taken daily.

01:48 Failure rate is like 0 .3 % to 8%.

01:52 Their likelihood, the protection of std is none.

01:57 The faginal ring, which is a flexible plastic ring containing synthetic estrogen and progesterine, inserted into the vagina around the cervix.

02:08 Replace every four weeks.

02:10 The failure rate is 0 .3 % to 8%.

02:14 And the protection towards stds is none.

02:18 Then you have the contraceptive patch where is a skin patch containing synthetic estrogen and progesterine.

02:27 And you replace it weekly.

02:29 The percentage of failure rate is 0 .3 to like 8 % by the power 2.

02:36 I don't know what that means.

02:38 And the protection against stds is done.

02:42 And then the next one, we have birth control pills.

02:46 I mean birth control injections, my bed.

02:51 And birth control injections is basically injection of synthetic progesterine that blocks ovulation repeated every three months, repeated at three months, the failure rate is 0 .3 to 3 % and the likelihood to protect you from std or sti is none.

03:14 Then you got the contraceptive implants where a small plastic rod containing synthetic progesterine that blocks ovulation and you replace that every three years.

03:27 The failure rate is 0 .1%.

03:30 Protecting from an std is none.

03:33 Then you got the emergency contraception or or the morning after pill, where it's a concentrated dose of hormones and birth control pills usually taken within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse.

03:51 The failure rate is 5 % to 15 % unless effect, but it's less effective if taken later.

04:02 The pill is if it's taken later after the intercourse.

04:06 So if you don't take it within those 7 to 72 hours, it is not that effective...

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