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Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 3 Problem 4 Problem 5 Problem 6 Problem 7 Problem 8 Problem 9 Problem 10 Problem 11 Problem 12 Problem 13 Problem 14 Problem 15 Problem 16 Problem 17 Problem 18 Problem 19 Problem 20 Problem 21 Problem 22 Problem 23 Problem 24 Problem 25 Problem 26 Problem 27 Problem 28 Problem 29 Problem 30 Problem 31 Problem 32 Problem 33 Problem 34 Problem 35 Problem 36 Problem 37 Problem 38 Problem 39 Problem 40 Problem 41 Problem 42 Problem 43 Problem 44 Problem 45 Problem 46 Problem 47 Problem 48 Problem 49 Problem 50 Problem 51 Problem 52 Problem 53 Problem 54 Problem 55 Problem 56 Problem 57 Problem 58 Problem 59 Problem 60 Problem 61 Problem 62 Problem 63 Problem 64 Problem 65 Problem 66 Problem 67 Problem 68 Problem 69 Problem 70 Problem 71 Problem 72 Problem 73 Problem 74 Problem 75 Problem 76 Problem 77 Problem 78 Problem 79 Problem 80 Problem 81 Problem 82 Problem 83 Problem 84 Problem 85 Problem 86 Problem 87 Problem 88 Problem 89 Problem 90 Problem 91 Problem 92 Problem 93 Problem 94 Problem 95 Problem 96 Problem 97 Problem 98 Problem 99 Problem 100 Problem 101 Problem 102 Problem 103 Problem 104 Problem 105 Problem 106 Problem 107 Problem 108 Problem 109 Problem 110 Problem 111 Problem 112 Problem 113 Problem 114 Problem 115 Problem 116

Problem 23 Easy Difficulty

Describe the production of metallic aluminum by electrolytic reduction.

Answer

i. Firstly, the most common ore of aluminum, that is, bauxite is purified.
$$
A 1 O(O H)(s)+\operatorname{NaOH}(a q)+H_{2} O(l) \longrightarrow \text { Na }\left[A l(O H)_{4}\right](a q)
$$
ii. Then the impurities that were formed in the above reaction are removed via filtration. Aluminum hydroxide is then recovered by the addition of acid to aluminum.
$$
2 \mathrm{Na}\left[\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\right](s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s)+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)
$$
iii. The precipitated aluminum hydroxide is then removed by the process of filtration. Aluminum
oxide, $\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ is produced by the heating of the hydroxide.
$2 \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)$
iv. Aluminum oxide, $\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ is then dissolved in a molten mixture of calcium fluoride, $\mathrm{CaF}_{2}$ and
cryolite, $\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{AlF}_{6}$ . This solution is then electrolyzed.
$\mathrm{Al}^{3+}+3 \mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Al}(s)$

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Chemistry 101

Chemistry

Chapter 18

Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

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Video Transcript

for the production off metallic element them through the process off electrolytic reduction. There, four steps to before look firstly, the most common core off aluminum that is book side. It is purified second, and the impurities that were formed are removed via the process. Off. Filtration on aluminum hydroxide is then recovered by the addition off acid to aluminum for third. The precipitated aluminum hydroxide is then removed by the process off filtration aluminum oxide they'll tow three is produced by the heating off that hydroxide. Finally, l two or three aluminum oxide is then dissolved in tow. Molten mixture off calcium through right. See if Andi Guy right and the three ear left. Six. This solution is then electoral ized to obtain your aluminum.

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Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson

Chemistry

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