Describe the type of bonding that exists in the Cl2(g) molecule. How does this type of bonding d

Describe the type of bonding that exists in the Cl2(g)...

Key Concepts

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This type of bond is common between non-metal atoms and is fundamental in forming diatomic molecules, regardless of whether the bond is polar or non-polar.

Polar vs. Non-polar Covalent Bonds

The distinction between polar and non-polar covalent bonds lies in the distribution of the shared electrons. In non-polar covalent bonds, as seen in molecules composed of two identical atoms, electrons are shared equally. In contrast, polar covalent bonds occur when there is an electronegativity difference between the atoms, leading to an unequal share of electrons and the development of partial charges across the molecule.

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is a property of an atom that describes its ability to attract electrons in a covalent bond. The relative difference in electronegativity between two atoms determines whether the bond will be non-polar (when the atoms are identical or nearly so) or polar (when one atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the other).

Transcript

00:01 So let's first look at diatomic chlorine gas, which is just two chlorine atoms bound together.

00:08 Now, we know chlorine is a non -metal, and we have two non -metals here, so we're going to be looking at a covalent bond.

00:16 And these chlorines just have a single bond between them.

00:19 And we know covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons.

00:23 So we have chlorine, which has, that's about l, chlorine has seven valence electrons, and its outer most share.

00:31 Shell and we have a second chlorine here also with the same seven electrons and so we know that they're trying to get the perfect octet in their outermost shell so the most logical way to do that is they're going to share an electron here and so together they're going to share this seventh electron this lone electron and so now we have these two chlorine atoms each in a system with eight valence electrons and they are covalently bonded together.

01:07 Now if we look at hydrochloric acid as a gas here, we have one hydrogen bonded singly to a chlorine atom.

01:17 Again, they are both non -metals, hydrogen and chlorine.

01:21 So this is another example of covalent bonding between two non -metals.

01:26 And again, we know since they're covalently bound here, we are going to be sharing electrons.

01:31 Hydrogen has one valence electron and chlorine as we know has seven.

01:38 This can be combined to get the eight, the octet that the elements desire here.

01:44 And so the hydrogen will share a single electron with the chlorine and now they are part of the system with eight valence electrons and octet.

01:55 Now these are both covalently bound atoms, but they are slightly different...

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