Determine the oxidation state (oxidation number) of the transition metal in each compound.

step 1 Hello everyone, so let's start this video. The question is that determine the oxidation state of

Determine the oxidation state (oxidation number) of the...

Key Concepts

Transition Metals in Oxidation State Determination

Transition metals can exhibit a variety of oxidation states due to their ability to lose different numbers of d-electrons. In compounds, their oxidation state is determined by applying the oxidation rules to the ligands or other bonded elements and then solving for the unknown oxidation number, highlighting the importance of a careful balance of charges within the molecule.

Oxidation Number

The oxidation number is a value assigned to an element in a chemical compound that indicates the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom in comparison to its neutral state. It is a useful concept for tracking electron transfer processes and for balancing redox reactions.

Rules for Determining Oxidation States

There are standard rules to assign oxidation numbers: elemental forms have an oxidation number of zero, oxygen is generally assigned -2 (with noted exceptions), hydrogen is usually +1 when bonded to non-metals, and the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound must equal zero while in an ion it must equal the ion's charge. These rules allow systematic calculation of oxidation states in complex compounds.

Transcript

00:01 Hello everyone, so let's start this video.

00:04 The question is that determine the oxidation state of transition matter in each compound.

00:12 Transition matters in each compound, we have to determine the oxidation state of these elements.

00:23 So first is a, v205.

00:29 Here's the thing.

00:30 As we can see that these all compounds, here are neutral because there is no charge not positive not negative there is no charged charged on these compounds they are all neutral compounds so when we calculate oxidation state for a neutral compound so here's a rule in a neutral compound in a neutral compound all oxidation numbers all oxygen number must add up to zero must add up to zero and as we can see that all these compounds they have oxygen so another rule is that oxygen the oxidation number of oxygen will be would always be minus two except with fluorine or peroxide.

02:14 These are two exceptions, but oxygen, the oxidation number of oxygen will always be minus two except for these two.

02:26 Another rule is that group one, group one elements will always have plus one oxidation state and group two elements will have plus two oxidation states so these are some rules so let's start with a v205 v2 05 we have to find the oxidation number of vanadium here as we know that oxygen it will have minus two oxidation number so let's start v2 2 x let's consider is x and and here we have two atoms of vanadium, so 2x is equal to.

03:22 So this oxygen has minus 2 charge.

03:26 So each of these oxygen atoms will have minus 2.

03:29 So minus 2 multiply by 5 is equals to 0.

03:36 Overall charge in this compound is 0.

03:39 And as we know that in a neutral compound, all oxidation number must add up to 0.

03:46 Must add up to 0.

03:50 So 2x is equal to minus 10 is equal to 0.

03:57 Now 2x is equal to 10.

04:05 Now dividing both sides with 2, we get the answer.

04:09 X is equal to plus 5, positive 5.

04:15 So here, the oxidation number of v2 is equal to plus five.

04:26 Each vanadium atom here will have plus five oxidation number...