Distinguish between (a) a monodentate and a bidentate ligand. (b) a cis and a trans isomer. (c)

step 1 Hello everyone. So let's start this video. Distinguished between a monodentate and bi -dentate l

Distinguish between (a) a monodentate and a bidentate...

Key Concepts

Coordination Compound vs. Coordination Complex Ion

A coordination compound typically consists of a coordination complex—that is, a metal ion bonded to surrounding ligands—along with counter ions that balance the overall charge, resulting in a stable, neutral entity. In contrast, a coordination complex ion is the charged species itself, formed by the metal and its ligands, and it exists along with corresponding counter ions in the overall coordination compound. The distinction is important when considering solubility, reactivity, and electrical conductivity.

Geometric/Optical Isomerism

Geometric isomerism refers to different spatial arrangements of ligands around a central atom in a coordination complex, such as the cis and trans forms, which result due to the fixed positions in a given coordination geometry. Optical isomerism arises when a complex exists as two non-superimposable mirror images, known as enantiomers, which exhibit different interactions with plane-polarized light. This form of isomerism is crucial in areas like catalysis and pharmaceuticals since the enantiomers can have significantly different biological activities.

Monodentate/Bidentate Ligands

Ligands are ions or molecules that donate electron pairs to a metal center to form coordination complexes. A monodentate ligand attaches to the central metal atom through a single donor site, meaning it binds using only one pair of electrons. In contrast, a bidentate ligand has two donor sites, allowing it to form two bonds with the same central metal, often creating a chelate ring that can enhance the stability of the complex.

Cis/Trans Isomerism

Cis and trans isomerism are types of geometric isomerism observed in compounds where the arrangement of substituent groups around a central atom or within a molecule differs spatially. In cis isomers, similar or identical groups are located adjacent to each other, whereas in trans isomers, these groups are positioned opposite each other. This difference in spatial arrangement can lead to distinct chemical and physical properties.

Transcript

0:00 Hello everyone.

00:02 So let's start this video.

00:04 Distinguished between a monodentate and bi -dentate ligand.

00:11 In a coordination compound, a ligand is an atom or molecule.

00:19 It donates electrons to central metal atom.

00:35 So monodentate ligins bind through only one donor atom as the name indicate mono one and examples of monodentate legions are chloride iron in coordination compound it is referred to as chloro water and it is referred to as aqua hydroxide iron in coordination compound it is referred to as hydroxo and ammonia amine these are examples of monodentate legions.

01:17 Bidentate ligins bind through two donor sides.

01:22 For example, ethylene diamine.

01:25 Ethylene is an example of bi -dentate legion.

01:36 It can bind to a metal wire two donor atom at once.

01:44 So next is a cis and a trans isomer.

01:51 What is the difference between these two.

01:54 Cisomers are molecule with the same connectivity of atoms.

01:59 They feature similar side groups placed on the same side of a double bone, whereas trans isomers feature molecules with similar side groups placed on opposite sides of double bond and they're not very polar.

02:15 For example, double bond, chloride, chloride, hydrogen, hydrogen.

02:27 It's a cis isomer.

02:35 Sysomer.

02:37 They feature similar side groups placed on the same side, as we can see.

02:42 Whereas trans isomer, clh -h -cl.

03:01 It's a trans -isomer.

03:06 They feature molecules with similar side groups placed on opposite side of a double mon, and they're not very polar...