DNA is a preferred genetic material over RNA due to one of...

DNA is a preferred genetic material over RNA due to one of the following reasons
(a) Bases are arranged linearly in a single strand.
(b) Bases show less propensity of mutation.
(c) $2^{\prime} \mathrm{OH}$ group in RNA is more liable.
(d) None of the above

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Key Concepts

Susceptibility to Mutation

A stable genetic material is essential for reducing the mutation rate over generations. The inherent instability of RNA, partly due to its 2'-OH group, makes it more prone to chemical modifications and strand breakage, which can lead to errors during replication. DNA's more stable structure contributes to a lower propensity for mutations, ensuring the faithful transmission of genetic information.

Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids

DNA and RNA differ in their sugar components: DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose, which has an extra hydroxyl (2'-OH) group. This structural difference is fundamental because the presence of the 2'-OH group in RNA increases its chemical reactivity and makes it more prone to hydrolysis, thereby reducing its stability compared to DNA.

Chemical Stability of Nucleic Acids

The enhanced stability of DNA is critical for its function as a genetic storage molecule. DNA's lack of a 2'-OH group means it is less reactive chemically than RNA, making it a more reliable medium for long-term storage of genetic information. This structural stability helps in preserving the integrity of genetic data over extended periods.

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