Dr. Kahn measures how long baby Lydia looks at a particular...

Key Concepts

Preferential Looking Paradigm

This is a research technique commonly used in developmental psychology to assess infants’ visual preferences. In this method, infants are presented with two or more visual stimuli and the duration of their gaze at each stimulus is measured. The underlying assumption is that longer looking indicates a greater interest or preference, which helps researchers infer aspects of perception, cognition, and discrimination abilities in nonverbal populations.

Habituation

Habituation is a basic form of learning in which repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to a decrease in the response. In developmental research, it is used to determine how infants process and become familiar with stimuli over time. A decrease in attention or looking time suggests that the infant has encoded the stimulus and it is no longer novel.

Dishabituation

Dishabituation refers to the recovery of attention when a novel stimulus is introduced after an infant has become habituated to a particular stimulus. This renewed interest indicates that the infant perceives the difference between the familiar stimulus and the new one, providing insights into discrimination and recognition processes.

Stimulus Discrimination

Stimulus discrimination involves the ability to differentiate between distinct stimuli. In the context of developmental research, measuring infants’ looking times can reveal whether they perceive differences between stimuli, which is crucial for understanding cognitive and perceptual development.

Transcript

00:01 So this question is asking, dr.

00:02 Khan measures how long baby lydia looks at a particular stimulus.

00:06 The technique is known as a preferential looking, the dishabituation, c habituation, or the stimulus discrimination.

00:18 So basically, this question is really getting at how we measure or the methods of measuring infant development in terms of what baby.

00:30 Register and respond to.

00:34 So approaching a problem that's giving us a bunch of psychological terms pertinent to the chapter, it's best to approach this sort of problem by trying to remember any keywords to help you remember the actual definition of the term.

00:50 And lucky enough, this is one of those questions where the name of the term really gives a lot away about its definition.

00:59 So first i'm looking at stimulus discrimination.

01:02 And this is pretty easy because it's basically what it says.

01:05 When in stimulus discrimination, basically what's happening is that, say, you have a baby, they tend to obviously discriminate between stimuli.

01:15 So what this means is that they'll respond only to the original stimulus that they were exposed to and not any other sort of similar stimuli.

01:25 An example of this would be having a baby respond to maybe a picture of a golden retriever, but then they won't respond in the same way to, say, a husky or a lab.

01:43 It's basically they respond only to the original stimulus that they already shown, but won't respond to other similar stimuli, because even though they are also other dogs.

01:53 And by response, usually with babies, it's how long they focus on that or how long they stare, which we'll get to in the moment.

02:03 So key words to remember stimulus discrimination other than its definition is i would remember it by response only to original, which i'm abbreviating by og stimulus.

02:24 So essentially they discriminate amongst.

02:26 Stimuli.

02:29 Going back to the question at hand, dr.

02:32 Kahn isn't introducing any other sort of stimuli to that, to be compared to the particular stimulus that he's measuring how long the baby looks at it.

02:42 So in that way, it's not really touching on stimulus discrimination.

02:45 He could incorporate it, but it's not specific to this problem.

02:49 Therefore, we can eliminate d.

02:52 Coming out next, you have disavituation and habituation...

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