Draw a heating curve (such as the one in Figure 11.36 ) for...

Draw a heating curve (such as the one in Figure 11.36 ) for 1 mol of benzene beginning at $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and ending at $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ . Assume that the values given here are constant over the relevant temperature ranges.

Key Concepts

Heating Curve

A heating curve is a graphical representation showing how the temperature of a substance changes as heat is added. Typically, it includes regions with a steady temperature increase (where specific heat capacity applies) and flat portions where phase changes occur (indicating latent heat absorption without a temperature change).

Specific Heat Capacity

Specific heat capacity is a physical property that represents the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree. In the context of a heating curve, it determines the slope of the temperature increase in the regions where the state of the substance remains unchanged.

Latent Heat

Latent heat is the energy absorbed or released by a substance during a phase change at constant temperature. This concept explains the horizontal lines on a heating curve, as the added heat is used to change the state of the substance rather than increase its temperature.

Phase Transitions

Phase transitions refer to changes in the state of matter, such as melting or boiling, which occur at specific temperatures under given pressure conditions. These transitions are observed on heating curves as plateaus, where the temperature remains constant despite continuous heat input due to the energy being used to change the phase of the substance.

Transcript

00:01 So for this question, we want to draw a heating curve for one mole of benzene as it is heated from 0 degrees celsius to 100 degrees celsius.

00:11 Now, you have a little chart in your textbook that has all the melting points, boiling points, and heats for benzene.

00:19 So you can refer to that.

00:20 And we have to assume that these values are constant throughout our temperature range.

00:26 So before we begin, let's briefly go over what a heating curve.

00:31 Is.

00:32 So basically, a heating curve is a graph that illustrates, that visualizes the phase change of a substance as heat is progressively added to it.

00:46 So let's say you have an ice cube.

00:48 An ice cube is a solid, but you know that if you add more heat to this ice cube, it's going to start to melt, and eventually it'll melt into liquid water.

00:58 And if you keep adding heat to this liquid water, it's going to eventually evaporate and become gaseous.

01:07 So yes, that's what a heating curve is.

01:09 And i have the graph set up here.

01:14 For the y -axis, we know that this is our temperature range, measured in degrees celsius, in this case.

01:23 And our x -axis is our heat measured in kilojoules per mole.

01:30 So let's look at the first point in our charge.

01:34 We know that the melting point for benzene is going to be 5 .4 degrees celsius.

01:40 So if you look on the y -axis, we know our first point is going to be about here.

01:49 I'll do it in a different color so you can see it.

01:53 And the heat of fusion is 9 .9 kilojoules per mole.

01:59 So we know that 9 .9 kilojoules of heat must be added per mole for benzene to melt.

02:06 And for our x -axis, that's to be about here...

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