Draw all the possible stereoisomers for each compound and label pairs of enantiomers and diaster

step 1 So we're starting with two, three, dihydroxybutane. And that has two stereocenters within it. An

Draw all the possible stereoisomers for each compound and...

Key Concepts

Chirality

Chirality refers to the geometric property where a molecule is non-superimposable on its mirror image. This often occurs when a carbon atom is bonded to four different substituents, creating a stereogenic (chiral) center. The presence or absence of chirality in molecules is central to determining the number and types of stereoisomers a compound can have.

Stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism involves molecules that share the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. The different spatial arrangements can give rise to isomers with distinct physical and chemical properties, even though their bonds are connected in the same order.

Enantiomers

Enantiomers are a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. These isomers have opposite configurations at every chiral center and typically exhibit identical physical properties except in their interaction with plane-polarized light and chiral environments.

Diastereomers

Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. They arise when a molecule has two or more stereocenters and one or more (but not all) stereocenters have opposite configurations. Diastereomers generally have different physical and chemical properties.

Meso Compounds

Meso compounds are a special type of stereoisomer that, despite having stereogenic centers, are achiral due to the presence of an internal plane of symmetry. This symmetry allows the molecule to be superimposable on its mirror image, reducing the effective number of stereoisomers even though multiple chiral centers are present.

Transcript

00:01 So we're starting with two, three, dihydroxybutane.

00:04 And that has two stereocenters within it.

00:10 And here's just one example of how we could draw it.

00:14 So this compound is actually meso because there's a plane of symmetry through it in which this methyl group mirrors this one.

00:22 This hydroxyl group mirrors this one.

00:24 If i've drawn the hydrogens, those would mirror one another as well as these two carbons.

00:29 Mizo just means that the indian tumor is the exact.

00:32 Same compound.

00:34 So if we flip both of these stereo centers to make them look like dashes, just for instance, oh, this is another way to potentially draw this compound.

00:47 Oh, h.

00:48 If we flip this 180 degrees within the plane of the screen, you get the exact same compound.

00:56 So these two compounds are exactly the same.

00:58 Even though i switch both stereocenters, it's the same compound.

01:03 So this compound doesn't have an an an antimer.

01:05 It's a an antemort is itself, therefore it is meso.

01:08 Another way you could draw this compound is to have one of the alcohols coming towards you and one going away.

01:19 And we could draw the an antimer of that, which i would suggest you try and build if you can't see why these two compounds are not superimposable.

01:32 They are actually mirror images.

01:36 So this compound doesn't mirror image of this one.

01:38 You cannot lay them on top of one, no matter how much you try and rotate them.

01:43 Please play with that if you don't see it.

01:46 These two compounds are in antimers.

01:49 This is a diasteremer to these two because you change one stereo center, for instance, between these two, but not all of them.

01:59 So a diastereomer is where you change at least one stereo center, but not all of them.

02:05 So these are the three ways you could draw that compound.

02:08 This one doesn't count because it's the same as the first one by.

02:13 For the next compound, we can draw now four stereoisomers...