Draw enantiomers for each of the following compounds using: a. perspective formulas b. Fischer p

Draw enantiomers for each of the following compounds using:...

Key Concepts

Enantiomers

Enantiomers are a type of stereoisomer where two molecules are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They usually occur due to the presence of one or more chiral centers, and despite having the same connectivity, their differing spatial arrangements cause them to interact differently with plane-polarized light and chiral environments.

Chirality

Chirality refers to a property of a molecule that makes it non-superimposable on its mirror image. Molecules exhibiting chirality have at least one chiral center, typically a carbon atom with four different substituents, leading to distinct stereochemical configurations such as enantiomers.

Perspective Formulas

Perspective formulas are a way to represent molecules in three dimensions on a two-dimensional plane. This method uses conventions like wedges and dashes to indicate bonds coming in front of or going behind the plane of the paper, thereby conveying the spatial arrangement of atoms around a chiral center.

Fischer Projections

Fischer projections are a method to represent three-dimensional stereochemistry in a two-dimensional drawing, particularly useful for depicting sugars and amino acids. In this method, the molecule is oriented so that the carbon chain is vertical, with horizontal bonds projecting towards the viewer and vertical bonds receding away, allowing for clear comparison of stereochemical configurations.

Transcript

00:01 To draw pictures of stereo isomers, we can use perspective drawings or fissure projections.

00:07 Perspective drawings are ones that use wedge and dash bonds to project a bond or an atom or a group coming forward or going backwards.

00:20 So in the case of two bromel, propane one all, the chiral carbon is the one with the bromineate.

00:30 So we can draw the two anantumers by indicating the carbon chain with the bonds that are in the plane of the page.

00:44 And then one an antimer will have the bromine atom on the chirocarbon going backwards, the hydrogen coming forward.

00:53 The other an antimer, the bromine will come forward.

00:56 The hydrogen will go backward.

00:59 Note it doesn't matter whether the wedge is angled to the left or to the right in the drawing.

01:11 The point is the wedge is coming forward.

01:14 The dash bond is going backwards.

01:17 If you're truly looking at it from the side, they would overlap.

01:21 So we do it at a little bit of an angle.

01:24 So you can see both the forward and the backward projecting.

01:28 Groups, but it doesn't matter whether the solid wedge is angle to the right, as i did in this first an antimer, or angle to the left as in the second in antimer.

01:42 Now, for the fisher projection, we draw the carbon chain vertically with carbon one at the top, and then the chirocarbon or asymmetric carbon is indicated with a cross or a plus.

02:01 And remember in a fisher projection, the stereochemistry is implied.

02:06 The horizontal bonds are projecting forward towards you.

02:12 The vertical bonds are projecting away from you.

02:16 And again, for anantomers, we simply find the chirocarbon.

02:23 And then in one anantimer, the bromine will be on the left, the hydrogen on the right...

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