Draw the product formed when (CH3CH2)3N:, a Lewis base, reacts with each Lewis acid: (a) B(CH3)3

Draw the product formed when (CH3CH2)3N:, a Lewis base,...

Key Concepts

Lewis Acid-Base Reaction

This concept refers to a chemical reaction where a Lewis base, an electron pair donor, interacts with a Lewis acid, an electron pair acceptor, to form a new chemical bond. In these reactions, the non-bonding electron pair from the base is donated to the empty orbital of the acid, leading to the formation of a coordinate covalent (dative) bond.

Lewis Acids

Lewis acids are species that can accept an electron pair during a reaction. They often possess an incomplete octet or a positively charged center that makes them electron deficient. The ability of Lewis acids to form bonds with electron-rich species is a central aspect of many organic and inorganic reactions.

Lewis Bases

Lewis bases are electron pair donors that participate in chemical reactions by providing a pair of electrons to form a bond with an electron-deficient species, the Lewis acid. Their reactivity is primarily determined by the availability of a lone pair of electrons on an atom, often on nitrogen, oxygen, or other electronegative elements.

Dative (Coordinate) Covalent Bond Formation

Dative covalent bonds, also known as coordinate bonds, occur when both electrons in the bond originate from the same atom—typically the Lewis base. This type of bonding is fundamental in the formation of adducts in Lewis acid-base reactions, where the base donates its lone pair to the acid’s vacant orbital, resulting in a stable complex.

Transcript

00:02 This is the answer to chapter two, problem number 31 from the smith organic chemistry textbook.

00:11 And in this problem, we're given three reactions and asked to draw the products of each.

00:19 And so in all three reactions, we have triethylamine.

00:25 And the triethylamine, the nitrogen has a lone pair on it.

00:29 So in each of these problems, triethylamine is going to be the lewis base and the other molecule in the reaction will be the lewis acid.

00:42 And so in order to draw the product, we can just draw the lone pair of the triathlon mean adding into the central atom in each of these.

00:57 So like this.

00:59 And then we just need to draw our products with that new bond formed.

01:05 And so that is as simple as doing this.

01:14 So there's our triethanamine.

01:17 Here's the new bond that was formed.

01:24 And then we do just need to account for the fact that there are going to be some charges now.

01:28 So the nitrogen now has four bonds instead of its loan pair.

01:32 So it has a positive charge.

01:35 And the boron with three bonds was uncharged in the starting material.

01:40 It now has four bonds, and so it's going to have a negative charge.

01:45 And we should notice that from the starting materials to the products, the overall charge state does not change.

01:52 So there are no charges in the starting materials, and then there is one positive and one negative charge in the product, so that the overall charge state is still zero.

02:03 Okay, so then looking at b and keeping in mind what i said about charge states, we can handle b exactly the same way, which is to draw our triethamine and then draw the new bond that was formed to the carbon, and then draw the substituents on the carbon...

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