Each group of questions consists of five lettered headings...

Each group of questions consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one heading that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each heading may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each group. Questions $9-12$ (A) Zygote (B) Blastocoel (C) Morula (D) Blastula (E) Gamete A solid mass of cells produced by cleavage of the zygote.

Each group of questions consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one heading that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each heading may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each group.
Questions $9-12$
(A) Zygote
(B) Blastocoel
(C) Morula
(D) Blastula
(E) Gamete
A solid mass of cells produced by cleavage of the zygote.

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Key Concepts

Gamete

Gametes are the reproductive cells (sperm in males and eggs in females) that contain half the number of chromosomes compared to somatic cells. Their fusion during fertilization gives rise to the zygote, initiating the process of embryogenesis.

Blastula

The blastula is a later stage that follows the morula, marked by the development of a fluid-filled cavity known as the blastocoel. This stage represents a key organizational step in the embryo, setting up the framework for further cell differentiation and body plan development.

Cleavage

Cleavage refers to the rapid series of mitotic cell divisions that occur immediately after fertilization. These divisions increase the number of cells without significantly growing the overall size of the embryo, setting the stage for later differentiation.

Zygote

A zygote is the initial cell formed when two gametes (sperm and egg) fuse during fertilization. It is a single cell that contains the complete genetic information required for the development of a new organism and marks the very beginning of embryonic development.

Morula

The morula is an early stage in embryonic development characterized by a solid ball of cells resulting from the cleavage of the zygote. This compact structure precedes the formation of a cavity in the next developmental stage.

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