Each of the following compounds is incorrectly named. What...

Each of the following compounds is incorrectly named. What is wrong with each name, and what is the correct name for each compound? a. $\mathrm{FeCl}_{3},$ iron chloride b. $\mathrm{NO}_{2},$ nitrogen(IV) oxide c. $\mathrm{CaO},$ calcium(II) monoxide d. $\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{3},$ dialuminum trisulfide e. $\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2},$ manganese diacetate f. $\mathrm{FePO}_{4},$ iron(II) phosphide g. $\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{5},$ phosphorus sulfide h. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2},$ sodium oxide

Each of the following compounds is incorrectly named. What is wrong with each name, and what is the correct name for each compound?
a. $\mathrm{FeCl}_{3},$ iron chloride
b. $\mathrm{NO}_{2},$ nitrogen(IV) oxide
c. $\mathrm{CaO},$ calcium(II) monoxide
d. $\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{3},$ dialuminum trisulfide
e. $\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2},$ manganese diacetate
f. $\mathrm{FePO}_{4},$ iron(II) phosphide
g. $\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{5},$ phosphorus sulfide
h. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2},$ sodium oxide

Key Concepts

Prefix Usage in Naming Compounds

Prefixes such as 'di-', 'tri-', 'tetra-', etc., are used to denote the number of atoms of a particular element in a compound. Their correct application is crucial in molecular (covalent) compounds; however, they are generally not used for naming ionic compounds where the stoichiometry is indicated by the compound’s formula.

IUPAC Nomenclature Rules

This concept refers to the standardized system for naming chemical compounds, as set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It includes rules for indicating the composition, structure, and oxidation states of the elements in a compound, ensuring that each compound has a unique and universally recognized name.

Oxidation State Determination

Assigning oxidation numbers to elements within compounds is key to understanding the proper naming, especially for compounds containing metals or nonmetals with variable oxidation states. This process helps determine the correct use of Roman numerals in a compound’s name to indicate the oxidation state of a particular element.

Naming Ionic Compounds

This concept involves naming compounds composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. For metals with a fixed oxidation state, the oxidation number is typically omitted, whereas metals with more than one possible oxidation state require a Roman numeral to indicate the correct state. Additionally, the names of anions are usually modified (often ending in -ide or -ate) according to established conventions.

Polyatomic Ion Nomenclature

Many compounds contain groups of atoms that behave as a single charged unit called a polyatomic ion. Correct naming requires recognizing these ions by their accepted names (e.g., acetate, phosphate) rather than constructing names solely from their elemental components.

Naming of Special Oxygen Species (Peroxides and Related Compounds)

Certain compounds contain oxygen in forms that differ from the normal oxide ion. Compounds like peroxides feature an O2^2- ion and are named accordingly. Recognizing and correctly naming these compounds is important because they do not follow the typical patterns seen in simple oxide naming.

Transcript

00:01 So here each of the following ion is incorrect match and we write down the correct name of the following compounds.

00:07 So first we see that fecl3.

00:11 So fecl3 is basically iron chloride or we can say that iron 3 chloride because here oxidation state of iron is plus 3.

00:20 So we can write iron 3 chloride.

00:24 So this is the correct match for this formula fecl 3.

00:28 That means iron 3 chloride so next part part b is no2 so no2 is simply nitrogen dioxide like carbon dioxide co2 so it is simply nitrogen dioxide so we can write nitrogen dioxide so this is simply nitrogen dioxide so this is a correct match next we see that calcium oxide that is c -a -o so this is simply calcium oxide so here oxidation state state of calcium is plus 2 so we can also write calcium to oxide or simply calcium oxide next part is that is al2 s3 so this is aluminium sulphide so we can write aluminium sulphide so this is aluminium sulphide is the correct match next part is magnesium acetate so this is magnesium acetate so c2 h3 o2 twice so this is known as magnesium acetate so magnesium acetate so this is the correct match of this formula magnesium acetate because acetate ion is basically ch3 coo minus so this is basically acetate ion is simply ch3 coo minus so simply we can write c2h3 o2 so this is magnesium acetate.

02:08 So next we can see that part f of the question is fepo4.

02:15 So fepo4.

02:17 So this is simply ferric phosphate.

02:20 So we can write ferric phosphate or we can also write iron 3 phosphate iron 3 phosphate because here oxidation state of iron is plus 3 in fepo4 and and also we can see that in case of oxidation state of iron is fe3 plus.

02:47 So we can write ferric and in case of fe2 plus we can write ferris.

02:52 But here in this case fepo4 oxidation state of iron is basically plus 3...

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