Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is...

Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case. $\underline{8}$. Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence for the idea that intelligence is highly heritable? (A) The IQ scores of parents are positively correlated with the scores of their children. (B) Monozygotic twins separated at birth have extremely similar IQ scores. (C) Dizygotic twins score more similarly on IQ tests than do other siblings. (D) Adopted children's IQ scores are positively correlated with their adopted parents' scores. (E) Different ethnic groups have different average IQ scores.

Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case.
$\underline{8}$. Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence for the idea that intelligence is highly heritable?
(A) The IQ scores of parents are positively correlated with the scores of their children.
(B) Monozygotic twins separated at birth have extremely similar IQ scores.
(C) Dizygotic twins score more similarly on IQ tests than do other siblings.
(D) Adopted children's IQ scores are positively correlated with their adopted parents' scores.
(E) Different ethnic groups have different average IQ scores.

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Key Concepts

Twin Studies

Twin studies are a research method used to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to a trait. By comparing the similarities of monozygotic (identical) twins, who share nearly all of their genes, with those of dizygotic (fraternal) twins, who share about half, researchers can gain insights into the heritable component of characteristics like intelligence, especially when twins are reared apart to control for shared environmental factors.

Adoption Studies

Adoption studies examine the traits of adopted children in relation to their biological and adoptive parents. This research method helps disentangle the effects of genetics from the environment by comparing similarities between adopted children and their biological relatives, who contribute genetic factors, with those of their adoptive families, who provide environmental factors.

Heritability

Heritability refers to the proportion of variation in a trait within a population that can be attributed to genetic differences among individuals. It is a central concept in behavioral genetics and helps researchers understand how much of the differences in a trait, like intelligence, are due to genetic factors versus environmental influences.

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