El ácido benzoico, C6 H5 COOH, funde a 122^∘ C. La densidad en el estado líquido a 130^∘ C es de

step 1 explanation for the question here we have given information here is melting point of benzoic aci

El ácido benzoico, C6 H5 COOH, funde a 122^∘ C. La densidad...

El ácido benzoico, $\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{COOH}$, funde a $122^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. La densidad en el estado líquido a $130^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ es de $1.08 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^3$. La densidad del ácido benzoico sólido a $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ es de 1.266 $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^3$. (a) ¿En qué estado es mayor la distancia media entre las moléculas? (b) Explique la diferencia entre las densidades a las dos temperaturas en términos de la teoría cinética-molecular.

Key Concepts

Temperature Effects on Molecular Spacing

Temperature plays a critical role in determining molecular spacing. At higher temperatures, molecular motion increases, causing the molecules in a liquid to spread out more compared to their positions in a solid. This expansion leads to a lower density in the liquid, as the same number of molecules occupies a larger volume.

Phase Transition

A phase transition, such as melting, involves a rearrangement of molecular structure from a well-ordered, tightly packed lattice in a solid to a more disordered arrangement in a liquid. This rearrangement typically results in an increased average distance between the molecules in the liquid state, even though the mass remains unchanged.

Density

Density is defined as mass per unit volume and indicates how closely matter is packed in a substance. In a solid, molecules are arranged more tightly, leading to a higher density. In contrast, in a liquid, the molecules are less closely packed, resulting in a lower density.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Kinetic molecular theory explains that the particles of matter are in constant motion and that their energy increases with temperature. In solids, this motion is limited to vibrations around fixed positions, contributing to a denser, more rigid structure. In liquids, the increased kinetic energy at higher temperatures allows molecules to overcome some of the intermolecular attractive forces, resulting in greater spacing between them.

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