Elements in the same group of the periodic table often form...

Elements in the same group of the periodic table often form oxyanions with the same general formula. The anions are also named in a similar fashion. Based on these observations,suggest a chemical formula or name, as appropriate, for each of the following ions:$(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{BrO}_{4}^{-},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{SeO}_{3}^{2-}$ $(\mathbf{c})$ arsenate ion, $(\mathbf{d})$ hydrogen tellurate ion.

Elements in the same group of the periodic table often form oxyanions with the same general formula. The anions are also named in a similar fashion. Based on these observations,suggest a chemical formula or name, as appropriate, for each of the following ions:$(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{BrO}_{4}^{-},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{SeO}_{3}^{2-}$ $(\mathbf{c})$
arsenate ion, $(\mathbf{d})$ hydrogen tellurate ion.

Key Concepts

Group Trends in the Periodic Table

Elements located in the same group of the periodic table often exhibit similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. This similarity extends to the types of compounds they form, including oxyanions, where the behavior and oxidation states follow predictable patterns across the group.

Oxyanions

Oxyanions are negatively charged ions that consist of a central atom bonded to one or more oxygen atoms. The general formulas of these ions, such as those ending in '-ate' or '-ite', are influenced by the oxidation state of the central atom and the number of oxygen atoms attached to it, leading to systematic variations across different elements and groups.

Nomenclature of Oxyanions

The naming conventions for oxyanions are based on the number of oxygen atoms relative to a reference state. Typically, the '-ate' suffix is used for the oxyanion with a standard number of oxygen atoms for that element, while the '-ite' suffix indicates a lower oxygen content. Additional descriptors, such as 'hydrogen', may be included to denote protonated forms resulting from partial acidification.

Oxidation States and Charge Balancing

Determining the correct formulas and names for oxyanions involves calculating oxidation states and ensuring that the overall charge of the ion is balanced. This requires understanding how the central atom’s electron configuration contributes to its typical oxidation states and how the oxygen atoms, typically with an oxidation state of -2, complete the structure.

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