Equal volumes of 1 M HCl and 1 M H2 SO4 are neutralized by dilute NaOH solution and X and Y kcal

step 1 Equal volumes of 1 molar hydrochloric acid and 1 molar sulfuric acid are neutralized by dilute s

Equal volumes of 1 M HCl and 1 M H2 SO4 are neutralized by...

Equal volumes of $1 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ and $1 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ are neutralized by dilute $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution and $\mathrm{X}$ and $\mathrm{Y}$ kcal of heat are liberated, respectively. Which of the following is true? (1) $\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{Y}$ (2) $\mathrm{X}=0.5 \mathrm{Y}$ (3) $\mathrm{X}=0.4 \mathrm{Y}$ (4) None

Equal volumes of $1 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ and $1 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ are
neutralized by dilute $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution and $\mathrm{X}$ and $\mathrm{Y}$ kcal of heat are liberated, respectively. Which of the following is true?
(1) $\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{Y}$
(2) $\mathrm{X}=0.5 \mathrm{Y}$
(3) $\mathrm{X}=0.4 \mathrm{Y}$
(4) None

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Key Concepts

Stoichiometry in Acid-Base Reactions

Stoichiometry in acid-base reactions involves the quantitative relationships between the reactants and the products. It ensures that the number of moles of active species, such as hydrogen ions in acids, are properly matched with the corresponding moles of hydroxide ions from bases. This concept is key to understanding how the different number of ionizable protons in acids affects the overall reaction and the energy changes involved.

Acid Dissociation

Acid dissociation is the process by which an acid releases protons (H+ ions) into solution. The degree of dissociation, and the number of protons an acid can donate, determines its behavior in a reaction. For instance, diprotic acids can release two protons, which influences the stoichiometry of their reactions with bases and consequently the total heat evolved during neutralization.

Heat of Neutralization

Heat of neutralization refers to the enthalpy change when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt. It is usually nearly constant for strong acids and bases, as the main reaction is the formation of water from hydrogen and hydroxide ions. This concept is crucial to understanding why the reaction of different acids with a base might release similar amounts of energy when they provide the same number of hydrogen ions per mole of acid.

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