Examination of a karyotype reveals 23 pairs of chromosomes,...

Name: Problem 14, Chapter 19: Human Biology Concepts and Current Issues
Uploaded: 2021-09-09T18:20:14-08:00
Duration: 2 min 43 s
Channel: Danielle Ashley
Description: Examination of a karyotype reveals 23 pairs of chromosomes, with each homologous pair illustrating similar size and centromere location. Which of the following can be concluded from this karyotype? a. The individual has Down syndrome. b. The individual is a female. c. The individual does not have cystic fibrosis. d. The individual does not have sickle-cell anemia.

Examination of a karyotype reveals 23 pairs of chromosomes, with each homologous pair illustrating similar size and centromere location. Which of the following can be concluded from this karyotype? a. The individual has Down syndrome. b. The individual is a female. c. The individual does not have cystic fibrosis. d. The individual does not have sickle-cell anemia.

Examination of a karyotype reveals 23 pairs of chromosomes, with each homologous pair illustrating similar size and centromere location. Which of the following can be concluded from this karyotype?
a. The individual has Down syndrome.
b. The individual is a female.
c. The individual does not have cystic fibrosis.
d. The individual does not have sickle-cell anemia.

Key Concepts

Detection Limitations of Karyotyping

While karyotyping is effective for identifying large chromosomal changes, it cannot detect small genetic alterations such as point mutations or small deletions. This means that diseases caused by minor genetic changes, like cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell anemia, cannot be diagnosed solely through karyotype analysis.

Karyotyping

Karyotyping is a laboratory technique used to visualize an individual's full set of chromosomes, allowing examination of the number, structure, and arrangement of these chromosomes. It is especially useful for detecting large-scale chromosomal abnormalities, such as aneuploidies (an extra or missing chromosome) or structural rearrangements.

Homologous Chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have the same structure, size, and gene content, one inherited from each parent. Their similarity is a key feature assessed in a karyotype to determine the normal pairing and structure, ensuring that each pair shows matching characteristics.

Sex Chromosome Determination

Sex chromosome determination involves analyzing the sex chromosomes, which differ between males and females. In a karyotype, the presence of a pair of identical sex chromosomes (typically XX) indicates a female, while differing sex chromosomes (XY) indicate a male. The observation that each pair, including the sex chromosomes, has similar size and centromere location is indicative of a female karyotype.

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