Excess electrons are placed on a small lead sphere with mass 8.00 g so that its net charge is -

step 1 To solve this problem let us write the given data first. Given that the value of m is equal to 8

Excess electrons are placed on a small lead sphere with mass...

Excess electrons are placed on a small lead sphere with mass $8.00 \mathrm{~g}$ so that its net charge is $-3.20 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{C}$. (a) Find the number of excess electrons on the sphere. (b) How many excess electrons are there per lead atom? The atomic number of lead is $82,$ and its atomic mass is $207 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol} .$

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Key Concepts

Conversion Between Charge and Number of Electrons

Using the elementary charge, one can convert a given net charge into the number of excess electrons present. This is done by dividing the total net charge by the magnitude of the charge on a single electron, which demonstrates the direct quantization of charge.

Mole Concept and Avogadro’s Number

The mole concept connects atomic-scale quantities to macroscopic amounts of matter through Avogadro’s number (approximately 6.022 × 10²³ atoms per mole). This allows one to calculate the number of atoms in a given mass of a substance by using its molar mass, bridging atomic properties like electron counts per atom to material-level measurements.

Quantization of Charge

This concept states that electric charge exists in discrete packets known as elementary charges. The charge on a single electron (approximately 1.602 × 10?¹? coulombs) is the smallest unit of charge found in nature, and any macroscopic charge is an integer multiple of this fundamental charge.

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