Female parasitoid wasps lay their eggs inside the bodies of caterpillars. The caterpillars die when the eggs hatch, and the young wasps feed on the body of the caterpillar. Egglaying females of two species of parasitoid wasps were studied in special growth chambers in which a food source was either provided or omitted. This table summarizes some of the data collected. Identify the statement most consistent with these data.
a. When energy availability is low, females put more energy than normal into producing offspring.
b. When energy availability is high, females produce offspring with higher viability.
c. When energy availability is low, females shift energy away from reproduction and toward their own survival.
d. When energy availability is high, females cannot both produce viable offspring and maintain their own survival.