Fill in the following table, and indicate whether the...

Fill in the following table, and indicate whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. $$ \begin{array}{lrl} \hline & \mathrm{pH} & {\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right], M} \\ \hline \text { (a) } & 2.00 & \\ \text { (b) } & & 1.04 \times 10^{-3} \\ \text {(c) } & 9.84 & \\ \text { (d) } & & 2.00 \times 10^{-1} \\ \text {(e) } & & 9.40 \times 10^{-9} \\ \text {(f) } & 11.34 & \\ \text { (g) } & & 4.57 \times 10^{-4} \\ \text {(h) } & 4.51 & \\ \text { (i) } & & 6.65 \times 10^{-15} \\ \hline \end{array} $$

Fill in the following table, and indicate whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.
$$
\begin{array}{lrl}
\hline & \mathrm{pH} & {\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right], M} \\
\hline \text { (a) } & 2.00 & \\
\text { (b) } & & 1.04 \times 10^{-3} \\
\text {(c) } & 9.84 & \\
\text { (d) } & & 2.00 \times 10^{-1} \\
\text {(e) } & & 9.40 \times 10^{-9} \\
\text {(f) } & 11.34 & \\
\text { (g) } & & 4.57 \times 10^{-4} \\
\text {(h) } & 4.51 & \\
\text { (i) } & & 6.65 \times 10^{-15} \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

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Key Concepts

pH Scale

The pH scale is a logarithmic measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydronium ion concentration, i.e., pH = –log[H?O?]. This scale typically ranges from 0 to 14 in aqueous solutions, where lower pH values indicate acidic conditions, higher values indicate basic conditions, and a pH of 7 is considered neutral.

Hydronium Ion Concentration

Hydronium ion concentration ([H?O?]) is a measure of the concentration of protons in a solution and is directly linked to the acidity of the solution. It is used to calculate the pH by taking the negative logarithm of its molar concentration. Changes in [H?O?] correspond to changes in the pH of the solution.

Relationship between pH and Acidity/Basicity

There is an inverse logarithmic relationship between the pH of a solution and its hydronium ion concentration. If the concentration of hydronium ions is higher, the pH is lower, indicating an acidic solution; if it is lower, the pH is higher, indicating a basic solution; and if the value of pH is around 7, the solution is neutral. This relationship is fundamental in understanding the chemical behavior of solutions in acid-base chemistry.

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