Find the maximum current that a fully charged D-cell can...

Find the maximum current that a fully charged D-cell can supply - if only briefly - such that its terminal voltage is at least $1.0 \mathrm{V}$. Assume an emf of $1.5 \mathrm{V}$ and an internal resistance of $0.10 \Omega$.

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Key Concepts

Electromotive Force (EMF)

EMF is the voltage generated by a battery or source when no current is flowing. It represents the inherent capability to do work or drive current through an electrical circuit and is considered the open-circuit voltage produced by the power source.

Internal Resistance

Internal resistance is the resistance inherent to a battery or power source, caused by the materials and chemical processes within. It affects the performance of the source by causing a drop in the terminal voltage as current flows, limiting the maximum current that can be delivered to an external load.

Terminal Voltage

Terminal voltage is the actual voltage available from a battery or source when it is delivering current to a load. It is lower than the EMF due to the voltage drop across the internal resistance, and understanding it is crucial for determining how the battery will perform under different loads.

Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law is a fundamental principle in electrical circuits that relates voltage, current, and resistance by the formula V = I * R. This law is essential for analyzing how the internal resistance of a battery affects the terminal voltage, thereby determining the maximum current that can be drawn from the battery while still meeting voltage requirements.

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