For each of the following arguments, indicate whether it is an appeal to popular opinion, an appeal to tradition, or an appeal to emotion. (The argument might fit into more than one of these categories. If so, explain why.) Then determine whether it is fallacious, and why.
1. For centuries throughout Europe, women were burned for being witches, so there must have been lots of witches.
2. There must be life on other planets, because most people think there is. Just read a few tabloids.
3. Most people who live in the United States think that it is the greatest country ever, so it must be.
4. There are more Buddhists than followers of any other religion, so there must be more truth in Buddhism.
5. Incest must be immoral, because people all over the world for many centuries have seen it as immoral.
6. The Golden Rule is accepted in almost every system of ethics both in the past and in the present, so there is probably something to it.
7. Chris must not be guilty, because twelve jurors, who saw all the evidence, agreed on a verdict of not guilty.
8. "Polls show an overwhelming majority of the American people want a lot less immigration or even an immigration moratorium.... These are persistent results over time. Most of the people cannot be wrong all of the time!" (from an advertisement placed by Federation for American Immigration Reform, Atlantic Monthly [June 1995], 67).