For the following processes that show the formation of ions,...

For the following processes that show the formation of ions, use the periodic table to indicate the number of electrons and protons present in both the ion and the neutral atom from which the ion is made.a. $\mathrm{Ca} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{e}^{-}$ b. $P+3 e^{-} \rightarrow P^{3-}$ c. $\mathrm{Br}+\mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Br}^{-}$ d. $\mathrm{Fe} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}+3 \mathrm{e}^{-}$ e. $A l \rightarrow A l^{3+}+3 e^{-}$ f. $\mathrm{N}+3 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{N}^{3-}$

For the following processes that show the formation of ions, use the periodic table to indicate the number of electrons and protons present in both the ion and the neutral atom from which the ion is made.a. $\mathrm{Ca} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{e}^{-}$
b. $P+3 e^{-} \rightarrow P^{3-}$
c. $\mathrm{Br}+\mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Br}^{-}$
d. $\mathrm{Fe} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}+3 \mathrm{e}^{-}$
e. $A l \rightarrow A l^{3+}+3 e^{-}$
f. $\mathrm{N}+3 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{N}^{3-}$

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Key Concepts

Periodic Table Usage

The periodic table provides essential information for determining the number of protons in an element, which also informs the number of electrons in the corresponding neutral atom. This reference is crucial when calculating the electron count in ions formed by electron addition or removal.

Electron Transfer Process

The electron transfer process involves removing electrons from an atom to form a cation or adding electrons to an atom to form an anion. The magnitude of the ion’s charge corresponds directly to the number of electrons lost or gained.

Neutral Atoms

A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. The balance between the positive charge from the protons and the negative charge from the electrons results in a net charge of zero.

Atomic Number

The atomic number of an element, which is found on the periodic table, indicates the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element. This number remains constant regardless of whether the atom is neutral or has formed an ion.

Ion Formation

Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons. Losing electrons results in a positively charged ion (cation), while gaining electrons creates a negatively charged ion (anion). This process changes the electron count but does not alter the atomic number, as the number of protons remains the same.

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