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Formula Mass and the Mole Concept for Compounds
How many molecules (or formula units) are in each sample?$$\begin{array}{lllll}{\text { a. } 85.26 \mathrm{gCCl}_{4}} & {\text { b. } 55.93 \mathrm{kg} \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}} \\ {\mathrm{c} .119 .78 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}} & {\text { d. } 4.59 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{g} \mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}}\end{array}$$
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Chemistry 101
Chapter 5
Molecules and Compounds
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Composition
Chemical reactions and Stoichiometry
Electronic Structure
Rice University
University of Maryland - University College
University of Toronto
Lectures
04:02
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity. Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more products after the reaction is complete. Chemical reactions are described with chemical equations, which symbolically present the starting materials, end products, and sometimes intermediate products and reaction conditions. Chemical reactions happen at a characteristic reaction rate at a given temperature and chemical concentration. Typically, reaction rates increase with increasing temperature because there is more thermal energy available to reach the activation energy necessary for breaking bonds between atoms.
04:49
In chemistry and physics, electronic structure is the way the electrons of an atom are arranged in relationship to the nucleus. It is determined by the subshells the electrons are bound to, which are in turn determined by the principal quantum number ("n") and azimuthal quantum number ("l"). The electrons within an atom are attracted to the protons in the nucleus of that atom. The number of electrons bound to the nucleus is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus, which is called the atomic number ("Z"). The electrons are attracted to the nucleus by this mutual attraction and are bound to the nucleus. The electrons within an atom are attracted to each other and this attraction determines the electron configuration. The electron configuration is described by the term symbol, which is the letter used to identify each subshell.
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