Francium, Fr, is a radioactive element found in some uranium...

Francium, Fr, is a radioactive element found in some uranium minerals and is formed as a result of the decay of actinium. a. What are the electron configurations of francium and its predicted most common ion? b. It has been estimated that at any one time, there is only one (1.0) ounce of francium on earth. Assuming this is true, what number of francium atoms exist on earth? c. The longest-lived isotope of francium is ${ }^{223} \mathrm{Fr}$. What is the total mass in grams of the neutrons in one atom of this isotope?

Francium, Fr, is a radioactive element found in some uranium minerals and is formed as a result of the decay of actinium.
a. What are the electron configurations of francium and its predicted most common ion?
b. It has been estimated that at any one time, there is only one (1.0) ounce of francium on earth. Assuming this is true, what number of francium atoms exist on earth?
c. The longest-lived isotope of francium is ${ }^{223} \mathrm{Fr}$. What is the total mass in grams of the neutrons in one atom of this isotope?

Key Concepts

Electron Configuration

This concept deals with the way electrons are arranged in an atom's orbitals according to the rules of quantum mechanics. It explains the order in which electrons occupy various energy levels and subshells (s, p, d, and f) and is essential for understanding periodic trends and the behavior of elements, especially those in the same group.

Ionic Formation and Electron Removal

This concept involves the process by which an atom loses or gains electrons to form ions. In many cases, atoms, particularly metals, lose their outermost electrons to adopt a stable electron configuration resembling that of a noble gas. Predicting the electron configuration of the most common ion relies on understanding how many electrons are removed and the resulting electron arrangement.

Mole Concept and Avogadro’s Number

This concept is fundamental in converting between mass and number of atoms or molecules. It emphasizes that one mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of entities (approximately 6.022 × 10^23), allowing the calculation of the total number of atoms from a given mass by using the substance's molar mass.

Isotopic Composition and Nuclear Mass Calculation

This concept pertains to the identification of the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atomic nucleus, especially in isotopes which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. It also involves calculating the mass contributions of these subatomic particles—specifically the total mass of the neutrons in an isotope—using the known approximate mass of a neutron.

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