Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: (EQUATION CANNOT COPY)

Name: Problem 17, Chapter 12: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Uploaded: 2020-06-08T23:30:27-08:00
Duration: 5 min 59 s
Channel: Allison Krajewski
Description: Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: (EQUATION CANNOT COPY)

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: (EQUATION...

Key Concepts

Functional Group Priority

When a molecule contains multiple functional groups, the group with the highest priority determines the suffix of the compound's name and influences the numbering of the carbon chain. Lower-priority groups are usually indicated as prefixes. This hierarchical decision making is critical to accurately reflect the molecule's chemical behavior and reactivity.

Substituent Identification and Positioning

Substituents, which are atoms or groups of atoms attached to the parent chain, must be correctly identified and positioned. The numbering of the carbon chain should be arranged to assign the lowest possible numbers to these substituents, and they are listed in the final name according to specific rules, often in alphabetical order.

Stereochemical Descriptors

Stereochemistry in IUPAC nomenclature involves indicating the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups within a molecule. Stereochemical descriptors, such as R/S for chiral centers or E/Z for double bonds, are used when necessary to provide a complete representation of the molecule’s three-dimensional structure.

IUPAC Nomenclature System

The IUPAC nomenclature system provides a standardized method for naming chemical compounds unambiguously. It is designed to communicate detailed structural information about the molecule solely from its name, which is essential for clarity and universal understanding across the scientific community.

Longest Carbon Chain Determination

Identifying the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is fundamental in organic nomenclature, as it forms the parent structure of the molecule. This chain not only dictates the base name of the compound but also establishes a framework for numbering, ensuring that substituents and functional groups receive the lowest possible numbers.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, so when you're naming these structures, the first thing you really want to do is identify the functional group.

00:13 And so in these cases, it's either going to be an aldehyde or a ketone.

00:18 And from there, you want to count the longest carbon chain that contains the functional group and change the suffix to either o -n -e for a ketone or a -l for an aldehyde.

00:31 And then from there, you can number any substituents that might be on the structure as well.

00:40 So let's look at the first example.

00:47 So if you notice, you have your functional group here, which is an aldehyde.

00:53 So you're going to have the suffix al to indicate an aldehyde.

00:58 And because an aldehyde is always terminal carbon, because you have this hydrogen, you're always going to start numbering from this carbon.

01:07 So this is going to be carbon one.

01:09 This is carbon two, and this is carbon three.

01:13 Because there's three carbons, which is typically propane, we're going to change this to, it's actually just straight, have a suffix of al.

01:29 So we're going to call this propanal.

01:33 However, when you have aldehydes that have less than four carbons, they're also sometimes known by their common names.

01:42 And so for this one, in addition to propanal, the common name would be propionaldehyde.

02:05 So let's go to the second one.

02:08 So when you're looking at b, you'll notice that this is a ketone, and this is going to have a suffix of o -n -e.

02:17 Now this one's a little bit tricky because no matter which side you start numbering your carbons, if you start from the left or from the right, this is always going to be on carbon 3.

02:32 So the other thing you'll realize is that now you have this methyl group.

02:38 So because numbering your ketone takes priority, but since it doesn't matter which way you start numbering, you want to have now your methyl group.

02:48 Have the lowest possible number after your ketone.

02:52 So you'd have to start numbering from the right.

02:58 And now if you put it all together, you have a methyl group on the two...

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