Give the oxidation number for the central atom or ion in...

Give the oxidation number for the central atom or ion in each of the following complexes. (a) $\left[\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{5}\right](\mathrm{OH})_{2}$ (b) $\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}\right]$ (c) $\mathrm{Na}_{3}\left[\mathrm{CoCl}_{6}\right]$ (d) $\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]^{3+}$ (e) $\mathrm{K}\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]$ (f) $\left[\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{en})_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right] \mathrm{I}$

Give the oxidation number for the central atom or ion in each of the following complexes.
(a) $\left[\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{5}\right](\mathrm{OH})_{2}$
(b) $\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}\right]$
(c) $\mathrm{Na}_{3}\left[\mathrm{CoCl}_{6}\right]$
(d) $\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]^{3+}$
(e) $\mathrm{K}\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]$
(f) $\left[\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{en})_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right] \mathrm{I}$

Key Concepts

Coordination Complex Structure and Notation

Coordination complexes are typically represented with the metal atom or ion at the center, surrounded by ligands enclosed within square brackets, and any counter ions placed outside the brackets. Understanding this notation is essential for interpreting formulas and performing oxidation state calculations in coordination chemistry.

Oxidation State Determination

This concept involves assigning a charge to the central metal atom in a coordination complex based on the charges of the surrounding ligands and any counter ions present. It requires the understanding of how these individual charges add up to match the overall charge of the complex and is crucial for understanding reactivity and coordination chemistry.

Ligand Properties and Charges

Ligands are atoms, ions, or molecules that donate a pair of electrons to the metal center to form a coordination bond. They can be neutral or carry a charge, and their individual charges must be taken into account when calculating the oxidation state of the central metal in coordination complexes.

Charge Balancing in Complexes

Charge balancing involves ensuring that the sum of the oxidation number of the central metal atom and the charges of all the ligands equals the net charge of the complex. This process is fundamental in determining unknown oxidation states and understanding the electronic structure and stability of coordination compounds.

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