Give the structure of each of the following aromatic hydrocarbons. a. o -ethyltoluene b. p -di-t

Give the structure of each of the following aromatic...

Key Concepts

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of compounds that contain conjugated cyclic ?-electron systems, most commonly represented by the benzene ring. Their stability and reactivity are determined by the delocalization of electrons over the ring, which leads to unique chemical properties. Understanding the basic structure of the benzene ring is crucial when analyzing or constructing the molecular structures of substituted aromatic compounds.

Substituent Nomenclature

Substituent nomenclature involves the systematic naming and positioning of groups attached to an aromatic ring. Terms like ortho, meta, and para describe the relative positions of substituents around the benzene ring. This language is essential for communicating the structure of substituted aromatic compounds accurately and for deducing their chemical behavior.

Alkyl Substitution on Aromatic Rings

Alkyl substitution on aromatic rings involves replacing a hydrogen atom on a benzene ring with an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, or tert-butyl. The presence of these groups can influence the reactivity, solubility, and overall chemical properties of the aromatic compound. The number and position of alkyl substituents play a critical role in determining the compound's structure and its IUPAC name.

Conjugated Systems in Aromatic Derivatives

Conjugated systems in aromatic derivatives occur when a non-aromatic unsaturated group, such as an alkenyl or vinyl moiety, is attached to an aromatic ring. This results in an extended system of alternating double and single bonds, which can lead to additional stability due to electron delocalization. Understanding this concept is key when analyzing compounds that incorporate both aromatic and aliphatic unsaturation, as it affects the electronic and spectroscopic properties of the molecule.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, so this question we are just supposed to read the name of the compound and draw the structure it tells us to draw.

00:08 Right.

00:09 So if you're new to this kind of i'm not comfortable drawing different compounds from just from names right now.

00:18 For example, like identifying what the base word is here in all four of these words or the root word.

00:28 I find that flashcards can be helpful, or in this case, since you're new to this, you're welcome to just flip back to the textbook to kind of familiarize yourself with what some of these root molecules look like and then worry about the functional group that you're drawing on it later and the relationship that the two substituents will have.

00:50 Okay, so i think when it comes to this drawing, the root word makes the most sense to start because we need to know what kind of a carbon framework you're working with here.

01:01 So in a here, you're working with a tallyene.

01:04 So tulluline is also, taluan is benzene, right? the question kind of gives you help that these are all aromatic molecules.

01:12 Aromatic, meaning they contain a benzene ring.

01:16 And tullulene is methylbenzine, right? so pretty much on one of the substituents, one of the six carbons there, you can draw a methyl substituent, and that's taluan.

01:27 So that deals with the root word.

01:29 And then o -tolulene, o -ethyl -tolul -ein is ortho -ethyl -taluline, meaning that there is a 1 -2 relationship between the methyl group in tal -uene and the ethyl group that you're going to draw.

01:47 So by 1 -2, it means that they're next to each other on the aromatic ring.

01:50 Let's hit that this carbon is 1 here.

01:53 Here, sorry, then this, sorry, then one, then this can be two or this can be two.

02:03 It doesn't make a difference.

02:05 If there are only two substituents on the ring, you can go in either direction.

02:09 So i'm going to go ahead and draw the ethel group right there.

02:12 So this is o orthoethyl ptoleone.

02:18 That's how we named those.

02:21 So let's go ahead and tackle the next one.

02:23 Right so the next one is p as in para di tert butyl benzene so we're going to start with benzene if they're using the o m p the ortho metaparro notation there's only going to be two substituents so you can pretty much just go off of just you know be confident that the relationship that is described to you in the name is not the second in this case para di turputele means that die being two so you have nothing on the benzene ring when you draw the root compound like we did and toluene had an inherent methyl group because toluene is methyl benzene so there was already a methyl group coming along for the ride before you drew the ethel group this benzene you're going to have nothing on it to start and both of your substituents are going to come from the beginning of the name so turpudal looks like that um, right? you have a quarter of carbon, um, in that structure, meaning that there's a carbon that has no hydrogens.

03:32 That's four other carbon atoms bonded to it, right in the middle there...

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