Give the symbol of the element that has the (4.7) a....

Give the symbol of the element that has the (4.7) a. smallest atomic size in Group $6 \mathrm{~A}$ (16) b. smallest atomic size in Period 3 c. highest ionization energy in Group $5 \mathrm{~A}$ (15) d. lowest ionization energy in Period 3 e. most metallic character in Group $2 \mathrm{~A}$ ( 2 )

Give the symbol of the element that has the (4.7)
a. smallest atomic size in Group $6 \mathrm{~A}$ (16)
b. smallest atomic size in Period 3
c. highest ionization energy in Group $5 \mathrm{~A}$ (15)
d. lowest ionization energy in Period 3
e. most metallic character in Group $2 \mathrm{~A}$ ( 2 )

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Key Concepts

Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Higher ionization energies indicate that electrons are held more tightly by the nucleus. The trend generally increases across a period due to a higher effective nuclear charge and decreases down a group due to increased electron shielding.

Periodic Table Organization

The periodic table is arranged in rows called periods and columns called groups. Elements in the same group often share similar chemical and physical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons, while periods represent the gradual filling of electron shells, leading to trends in various properties such as atomic size and ionization energy.

Atomic Size

Atomic size refers to the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell. Across a period, atomic size generally decreases due to increasing nuclear charge pulling electrons closer, while down a group, atomic size increases due to the addition of electron shells.

Metallic Character

Metallic character describes how readily an element loses electrons to form positive ions, which is a typical trait of metals. This character increases down a group due to the lower ionization energy and decreases across a period as elements tend to become more non-metallic.

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