Give the systematic name for each of the following: a. b. c....

Key Concepts

Substituent Identification

Substituent identification includes recognizing groups attached to the main chain and determining their positions. This step involves naming these groups using appropriate prefixes and adding locants to indicate their positions, which is crucial for the systematic name to accurately depict the molecular structure.

Multiplicative Prefixes

When a compound contains multiple identical substituents, multiplicative prefixes such as di-, tri-, and tetra- are used. These prefixes provide information about the number of occurrences of a substituent and are essential for accurately representing the compound's structure in its name.

Functional Group Priority

Functional group priority determines which functional group dictates the primary suffix in the compound’s systematic name. The order of priority among different functional groups helps in deciding the main group and influences the numbering of the chain, ensuring that the most significant functional groups receive the lowest possible locants.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is the systematic method of naming chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a uniform and unambiguous system so that every chemical compound has a unique name that reflects its structure.

Parent Chain Selection

This concept involves identifying the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in a molecule, which forms the base or root name of the compound. The correct selection of the parent chain is fundamental to establishing the overall structure and correct numbering of substituents.

Transcript

00:01 When assigning a systematic name to a compound we want to identify the longest continuous carbon chain or ring which gives us the parent name we want to identify any functional groups which potentially gives us a suffix for the name and then we need to identify any substituents when there are functional groups present we want to number from the end of the parent chain that is closer to the principal functional group and if the functional group is in the middle or there is no functional group.

00:41 Then we number in the way that gives the lowest set of locants numerical locants for the substituents so in this first example, we have a six carbon parent chain with an alcohol at the third carbon.

01:06 So alcohol is the principal functional group so we're having a suffix ol and we have a methyl substituent also so our numbering will start at the end closer to the alcohol.

01:23 So that puts the alcohol on the third carbon and therefore the methyl is on the fifth carbon so the methyl gets a prefix five methyl six carbons is a hexane chain hexane three all so we can put the numerical locants immediately in front of what they're locating so that's why the three would proceed the ol suffix with an ol suffix o as a vowel when suffixes start with a vowel we drop the e from the parent name, so it's hex an hyphen three hyphen ol some people would name this as five methyl three hexanol in that case the three is coming in front of the parent name.

02:39 That's an older system for placement of the locants, it's still unambiguous so that would be acceptable as well.

02:50 But it's never incorrect to put the locant immediately in front of what it's locating now in the second second example, the longest chain of rain is a five -membered ring...

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