Glutathione (Figure P 20.91 ) is an essential molecule in...

Glutathione (Figure $\mathrm{P} 20.91$ ) is an essential molecule in the human body. It acts as an activator for enzymes and protects lipids from oxidation. Which three amino acids combine to make glutathione?
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Key Concepts

Glutathione

Glutathione is a small, yet critical molecule present in almost all cells, primarily acting as a major antioxidant. It helps to neutralize harmful free radicals and peroxides, thereby protecting cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA from oxidative damage. Its role in enzyme activation further underscores its importance in various metabolic processes.

Tripeptide Structure

Glutathione is categorized as a tripeptide, meaning it is formed by a chain of three amino acids linked together via peptide bonds. This specific three-amino acid structure is crucial for its unique chemical properties and biological functions.

Amino Acids

The building blocks of proteins and peptides, amino acids define the structure and function of molecules like glutathione. In the case of glutathione, the tripeptide is composed of three specific amino acids—glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. The inclusion of cysteine, which contains a reactive thiol group, is particularly important for its antioxidant capacity, enabling glutathione to effectively reduce oxidized species within the cell.

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