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Problem 90

Hemoglobin carries $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ from the lungs to tissue cells, where the $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ is released. The protein is represented as $\mathrm{Hb}$ in its unoxygenated form and as $\mathrm{Hb} \cdot \mathrm{O}_{2}$ in its oxygenated form. One reason
$\mathrm{CO}$ is toxic is that it competes with $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ in binding to Hb:
$$\mathrm{Hb} \cdot \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{CO}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{Hb} \cdot \mathrm{CO}(a q)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)$$
(a) If $\Delta G^{\circ} \approx-14 \mathrm{kJ}$ at $37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ (body temperature), what is the ratio of [Hb. CO] to $\left[\mathrm{Hb} \cdot \mathrm{O}_{2}\right]$ at $37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ with $\left[\mathrm{O}_{2}\right]=[\mathrm{CO}] ?$ (b) How is Le Châtelier's principle used to treat CO poisoning?

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Chapter 20
Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and the Direction of Chemical Reactions
CHEMISTRY: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 2016

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