Hemoglobin (Hb) transports oxygen in the blood: HbH^+(a q)+O2(a q)+H2 O(l) ⟶HbO2(a q)+H3 O^+(a q

Hemoglobin (Hb) transports oxygen in the blood: HbH^+(a...

Hemoglobin (Hb) transports oxygen in the blood: $$\mathrm{HbH}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{HbO}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}(a q)$$ In blood, $\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]$ is held nearly constant at $4 \times 10^{-8} M.$ (a) How does the equilibrium position change in the lungs? (b) How does it change in $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ -deficient cells? (c) Excessive vomiting may lead to metabolic alkalosis, in which $\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]$ in blood decreases. How does this condition affect the ability of $\mathrm{Hb}$ to transport $\mathrm{O}_{2} ?$ (d) Diabetes mellitus may lead to metabolic acidosis, in which $\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]$ in blood increases. How does this condition affect the ability of $\mathrm{Hb}$ to transport $\mathrm{O}_{2} ?$

Hemoglobin (Hb) transports oxygen in the blood:
$$\mathrm{HbH}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{HbO}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}(a q)$$
In blood, $\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]$ is held nearly constant at $4 \times 10^{-8} M.$
(a) How does the equilibrium position change in the lungs?
(b) How does it change in $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ -deficient cells?
(c) Excessive vomiting may lead to metabolic alkalosis, in which $\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]$ in blood decreases. How does this condition affect the ability of $\mathrm{Hb}$ to transport $\mathrm{O}_{2} ?$
(d) Diabetes mellitus may lead to metabolic acidosis, in which $\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]$ in blood increases. How does this condition affect the ability of $\mathrm{Hb}$ to transport $\mathrm{O}_{2} ?$

Key Concepts

Oxygen Transport by Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen, facilitating its transport from the lungs to the tissues. The equilibrium between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin is sensitive to factors like pH, ensuring that oxygen is efficiently released in tissues where it is most needed under varying metabolic conditions.

Acid-Base Balance

Acid-base balance involves the regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, which is crucial for maintaining physiological pH within a narrow range. Disorders such as metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, which alter the concentration of hydronium ions, can significantly influence biochemical reactions, including the oxygen-binding behavior of hemoglobin.

Bohr Effect

The Bohr Effect describes how changes in blood pH and carbon dioxide concentration influence the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. A decrease in pH (or an increase in H3O+ concentration) tends to reduce hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, facilitating oxygen release to tissues, while an increase in pH has the opposite effect, enhancing oxygen uptake in the lungs.

Le Chatelier's Principle

This principle states that if an external change is imposed on a system in chemical equilibrium, the system adjusts in a way that counteracts the change and re-establishes equilibrium. In the context of hemoglobin's reaction with oxygen and water, changes in hydronium ion concentration (a proxy for pH) cause the equilibrium to shift, affecting the oxygen binding capacity of hemoglobin.

Transcript

00:01 So we are looking at the hemoglobin with oxygen and water ecolibium.

00:08 So in blood we have hemoglobin to transfer oxygen.

00:13 And also the hydrogen concentration is kept at a constant at around 4 times 10 to the power of leather egg motor.

00:21 Alright, so part a, what would be the equilibrium position change in the lung? so in the lung, it is a full of oxygen.

00:32 Because lung is the organ for gas chain.

00:37 And also want to replace our carbon dioxide with oxygen, so we can carry our oxygen to the rest of the body.

00:44 So in other words, in lung, we have a lot of oxygen.

00:48 So we have a lot of oxygen.

00:50 Our ecolibium position, we shift to the right.

00:52 So i'm going to use arrow here.

00:55 We shift to the right.

00:58 So if we go back to look at our eucalybium, so we have a lot of oxygen, so we shift to the right.

01:02 So it will have more hemoglobin bound to oxygen and also producing hydrogen iron.

01:11 So that's why our hemoglobin can grab the oxygen and bring into the rest of the body.

01:17 Okay, so when the hemoglobin, we're buying with oxygenated, hemoglobin is going to to the error with an oxygen deficient cell.

01:28 So at the oxygen deficient cells, the oxygen concentration is low.

01:33 So when you have a low concentration of oxygen, the geolibium position, which should the left...

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