Henry Gustav Molaison, infamously known as H.M., was unable...

Henry Gustav Molaison, infamously known as H.M., was unable to form new declarative memories. He suffered from what psychologists call
a. psychogenic amnesia.
b. retrograde amnesia.
c. retroactive amnesia.
d. anterograde amnesia.

Key Concepts

Declarative Memory

Declarative memory involves the conscious recollection of facts and events. It is the type of memory that can be deliberately recalled and verbally described, distinguishing it from procedural memory, which involves skills and tasks that are typically performed without conscious awareness.

Amnesia

Amnesia is a condition characterized by the loss or impairment of memory. It affects an individual's ability to store new information or recall past information, and it can result from brain injury, illness, or psychological trauma.

Anterograde Amnesia

Anterograde amnesia is a specific form of amnesia where a person is unable to form new declarative memories following an event, such as brain injury. While memories from the time before the event may remain intact, the inability to create new memories significantly impacts daily functioning.

Retrograde Amnesia

Retrograde amnesia is a type of memory loss where an individual cannot recall memories formed before the onset of amnesia. This contrast with anterograde amnesia, where the difficulty lies in forming new memories rather than accessing old ones.

Transcript

00:01 All right.

00:02 So this question is asking, henry gustav malicin, hopefully i didn't butcher that name, and famously known as hm, was unable to form new declarative memories.

00:13 He suffered from what psychologists called a psychogenic amnesia, b, retrograde amnesia, c, retroactive amnesia, or d, enteragrade amnesia.

00:25 All right, so obviously we're looking at the different types of amnesia, and it's important to note what each of them means.

00:31 In order to get to the right question.

00:33 But right away, i want you guys to know, i want you all to know, is that c is immediately incorrect because retroactive amnesia doesn't exist.

00:45 This is probably a play on words in order to confuse you between retrograde and retroactive.

00:51 But it's important to note that retroactive is not a type of amnesia at all.

00:57 Rather, retrograde and interrograde r.

00:59 So that leaves us with three possibilities, psychogenic, retrograde, and enterrograde.

01:05 So first i'm going to look at psychogenic.

01:08 And psychogenic amnesia is basically a sort of memory loss, hence amnesia, that happens without any damage or cause.

01:18 So basically you could just think of, and when i say damage, it's neurological damage.

01:24 So basically you could think of psychogenic as an unknown cause.

01:32 Of amnesia.

01:35 And obviously there's controversy on whether or not this exists or not, but what's thought of it is it's caused by overwhelming stress or even trauma that an individual might have witness.

01:48 So going back to the question, when we're looking at hm, not being able to, not being able, i should say, to form new declarative memories.

01:57 We're not focused on the cause as to why hm isn't able to form new memories...

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