Hexane (density =0.659 g / mL ) and acetic acid (density = 1.0446 g / mL ) do not form a solut

Hexane (density =0.659 g / mL ) and acetic acid (density =...

Hexane (density $=0.659 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}$ ) and acetic acid (density = $1.0446 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}$ ) do not form a solution when mixed but are separate in distinct layers. A piece of oak wood (density $\left.=900 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\right)$ is placed inside a test tube containing hexane and acetic acid solution; sketch how the three substances would position themselves.

Key Concepts

Density

Density is a fundamental physical property defined as mass per unit volume. It determines how substances behave in gravitational fields; materials with lower density tend to float on those with higher density when the fluids are immiscible. Understanding density is essential when predicting the order of layering in mixtures of different substances.

Immiscible Liquids

Immiscible liquids are liquids that do not mix to form a homogeneous solution due to differences in intermolecular forces or polarity. When placed together, they separate into distinct layers with the less dense liquid forming the top layer and the denser liquid occupying the bottom layer.

Buoyancy

Buoyancy is the force exerted by a fluid that opposes an object's weight. An object will float if its overall density is less than that of the fluid it is in, and it will sink if its density is greater. In systems with multiple fluids, the object’s equilibrium position can occur at the interface where the surrounding fluid densities vary.

Liquid Layering

Liquid layering refers to the stratification of immiscible fluids based on their densities. In a container, the fluid with the lowest density rises to the top while those with higher densities settle below. This concept also influences the behavior of submerged objects, which may position themselves at the interface if their density is intermediate between the two fluids.

Transcript

00:01 Test tube and we want to go ahead and place these three substances into that test tube and how each of those substances are going to basically be positioned within the test tube and as you can see they all have different types of densities hexane has a head density of 0 .659 grams per millimeter acetic acid acid 1 .0446 grams per millimeter and oak wood we want to go ahead and convert into the same units as we have for hexane acetic acid we have point grams per mill in terms of its density.

00:32 And so we know that things that are more dense are going to be more towards the bottom of something, versus things that are less dense, they're going to be mostly sitting on top of those that are more dense.

00:44 And as we can see, our acetic acid is our most dense out of all of these three substances.

00:49 And another key thing to point out is that our acetic acid and our hexane are not going to mix.

00:56 These two are going to be separated completely because our hexane is not.

01:00 Non -polar, and our acetic acid is a polar substance.

01:03 And so because those two things are not alike, they're not going to mix.

01:06 Our hexane, if we recall, is a six carbon chain.

01:12 We have one, two, three, four, five, six.

01:15 This is six carbon chain.

01:18 Remember, hexane is hydrocarbon, so it's made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

01:23 In our acetic acid, we have our ch3c double bonded o, o and then there are h.

01:31 So again, this has a capability of forming hydrogen bonds.

01:34 There is a dipole within this molecule, so it is polar.

01:37 So these two are not going to mix whatsoever.

01:39 And if we want to go ahead and color code things, we are acetic acid in blue, our hexane in red, and then we can make our oak wood in black.

01:48 Now, our acetic acid we establish, it is our heaviest of the three substances.

01:54 And this is going to be more towards the bottom.

01:56 So we can go ahead and just color code this as acetic acid...

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