Question
How can people stop smoking?
Step 1
Set a quit date: Choose a specific date to stop smoking and mark it on the calendar. This will give you a clear goal to work towards. Show more…
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How to quit smoking It's hard for smokers to quit. Perhaps prescribing a drug to fight depression will work as well as the usual nicotine patch. Perhaps combining the patch and the drug will work better than either treatment alone. Here are data from a randomized, double-blind trial that compared four treatments. ${ }^{19} \mathrm{~A}$ "success" means that the subject did not smoke for a year following the beginning of the study. $$ \begin{array}{llcc} \hline \text { Group } & \text { Treatment } & \text { Subjects } & \text { Successes } \\ 1 & \text { Nicotine patch } & 244 & 40 \\ 2 & \text { Drug } & 244 & 74 \\ 3 & \text { Patch plus drug } & 245 & 87 \\ 4 & \text { Placebo } & 160 & 25 \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (a) Summarize these data in a two-way table. Then compare the success rates for the four treatments. (b) Explain in words what the null hypothesis $H_{0}: p_{1}=$ $p_{2}=p_{3}=p_{4}$ says about subjects' smoking habits. (c) Do the data provide convincing evidence of a difference in the effectiveness of the four treatments at the $\alpha=0.05$ significance level?
Inference for Distributions of Categorical Data
Inference for Two-Way Tables
How to quit smoking It’s hard for smokers to quit. Perhaps prescribing a drug to fight depression will work as well as the usual nicotine patch. Perhaps combining the patch and the drug will work better than either treatment alone. Here are data from a randomized, double-blind trial that compared four treatments.21 A “success” means that the subject did not smoke for a year following the beginning of the study. (a) Summarize these data in a two-way table. (b) Make a graph to compare the success rates for the four treatments. Describe what you see. (c) Explain in words what the null hypothesis $H_{0} :$: $p_{1}=p_{2}=p_{3}=p_{4}$ says says about subjects’ smoking habits. (d) Find the expected counts if $H_{0}$ is true, and display them in a two-way table similar to the table of observed counts.
Inference for Relationships
Tobacco smoking is extremely expensive to our society in economic and health costs as well as in human suffering. How would you solve the tobacco smoking problem? How would you specifically target young people?
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