00:02
So this question asks us to determine the difference between constitutional isomers and sterile isomers.
00:09
So constitutional isomers are molecules that have the same exact molecular formula, but the way they differ is based on their connectivity.
00:18
Whereas stereo isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula, the same connectivity, but they differ in terms of their spatial arrangement, which means that they have the same.
00:32
Molecules, but the way that the molecules are arranged are different spatially.
00:36
So this includes cis trans isomers or an antiumers.
00:40
So let me further explain by giving examples.
00:42
So an example of a constitutional isomer would be something like this.
00:46
So say you have a chain of carbon molecules, right? so why is this not cooperating? okay, so sorry about that.
00:57
Let me just, okay, so say you have like a carbon bounded to a carbon, bounded to a carbon, bound it to a carbon, bound to a carbon, bound to carbon, down into a carbon.
01:06
So you're going to have a ch3 here and then two hydrogens here.
01:12
We know that all carbons have to be surrounded by four molecules.
01:16
That's just one rule with carbon.
01:18
So this is something, this is what this molecule would look like, right? now, this is one type of isomer for this particular chain of carbon hydrogens.
01:29
But another way you can look at it is you can do something like this.
01:32
You can have a carbon with another carbon, and then you can have a carbon here, and then you can have...
01:41
So just remember that there's a total of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 carbons, right? so as long as you have a total of 5 carbons, the way you arrange it can change if it's a constitutional isomer.
01:52
So you would have a ch3...
01:54
Okay, sorry about that.
01:55
You would have a ch3 here, and then a ch2 here.
01:59
But then since this carbon already has three bonds, it would just have one engine here, and then this carbon would have three bonds here, and then this carbon would have three, so ch3.
02:10
So now you can see that these molecules look very different from each other, because this has a chain of one, two, three, four carbons, and then this has one long chain of one, two, three, four, five carbons.
02:23
So although they have the same molecular formula, what's different about these two molecules is that, the carbon chain is different.
02:32
So the connectivity is different.
02:34
Instead of all of the carbons being lined up, in this case, the carbons aren't all lined up because there's one carbon over here.
02:41
So this is what a constitutional isomer would look like.
02:43
Stereo -isomer, on the other hand, the connectivity is going to say the same, but they could have different spatial arrangements.
02:51
For example, let's look at an example of cis versus trans.
02:54
So say you have, okay, that was, i'm sorry about that.
02:58
So say you have a cis and trans molecule have to start with a double bond.
03:03
So say you have a double bond and then on one side of the double bond, you have like a ch3 here and then a ch3 here.
03:10
And then you have a hydrogen here and a hydrogen here...