Question
How do we know that a protein binds to the iron response elements (IREs) of the TfR mRNA?
Step 1
This involves analyzing the mRNA sequence to locate the specific regions that are known to bind iron regulatory proteins (IRPs). Show more…
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TR, Transferrin Receptor protein, mRNA is regulated by IRE-BP (Iron Response element-binding protein). IRE-BP is not able to bind Fe3+ in conditions of low Iron concentration and, therefore, binds to TR mRNA IRE in the 3' UTR to stabilize the mRNA. It does not bind to TR mRNA IRE in the 3' UTR to destabilize the mRNA.
Suppose a person is homozygous for a mutation in the IRP gene that causes the IRP protein to not bind iron, but can still bind to the IRE element. How would this mutation affect the regulation of the transferrin receptor mRNA? IRP would not bind to the mRNA even when iron is high, and translation of the mRNA is stopped when iron is high. IRP remains bound to the mRNA even when iron is high, and translation of the mRNA is stopped when iron is high. IRP would not bind to the mRNA even when iron is high, and translation of the mRNA is continued even when iron is high. IRP remains bound to the mRNA even when iron is high, and translation of the mRNA is continued even when iron is high.
MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that bind to the 3' end of mRNA and suppress translation (see Section 14.5). Some eukaryotic mRNAs have internal ribosome-binding sites downstream of the $5^{\prime}$ cap, where ribosomes normally bind. In one investigation, miRNAs did not suppress translation by ribosomes that had attached to internal ribosomebinding sites (R. S. Pillai et al. 2005. Science 309:1573-1576). What does this finding suggest about how miRNAs suppress translation?
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