How many millilitres of 0.1 M H2 SO4 must be added to 50 mL of 0.1 M NaOH to give a solution th

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How many millilitres of 0.1 M H2 SO4 must be added to 50 mL...

How many millilitres of $0.1 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ must be added to $50 \mathrm{~mL}$ of $0.1 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ to give a solution that has a concentration of $0.05 \mathrm{M}$ in $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ ? (a) $400 \mathrm{~mL}$ (b) $200 \mathrm{~mL}$ (c) $100 \mathrm{~mL}$ (d) None of these

How many millilitres of $0.1 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ must be added to $50 \mathrm{~mL}$ of $0.1 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ to give a solution that has a concentration of $0.05 \mathrm{M}$ in $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ ?
(a) $400 \mathrm{~mL}$
(b) $200 \mathrm{~mL}$
(c) $100 \mathrm{~mL}$
(d) None of these

Key Concepts

Limiting Reactant

The concept of the limiting reactant is central to reaction stoichiometry. It involves identifying which reactant will be completely consumed during the reaction, thus limiting the extent of the reaction. In a mixed acid-base solution, determining the limiting reactant helps in calculating how many moles of excess acid or base remain, which directly influences the final concentration of the solution.

Molarity

Molarity is the measure of the concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is used to calculate how many moles of a reactant or product are present in a given volume of solution, which is essential for setting up and solving reaction stoichiometry problems.

Acid-Base Reaction Stoichiometry

In acid-base reactions, the stoichiometry defines the molar ratio in which the acid and the base react. For example, a diprotic acid reacts in a fixed ratio with a base, which requires careful accounting of how many moles of base are neutralized by each mole of acid. This ratio is crucial for determining the amount of acid required to achieve a specific concentration in the final mixture after neutralization.

Solution Dilution and Concentration

When combining solutions, the final concentration of a particular species is determined by both the number of moles present (after any chemical reaction) and the total volume of the mixture. Dilution calculations are critical for determining how much a reactant must be added to achieve a desired concentration in the final product, taking into account the volume change due to mixing.

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