How many neutrons are in an atom with each atomic number and...

How many neutrons are in an atom with each atomic number and mass number?
(a) $\mathrm{Z}=28, \mathrm{A}=59$
(b) $\mathrm{Z}=92, \mathrm{A}=235$
(c) $\mathrm{Z}=21, \mathrm{A}=46$
(d) $\mathrm{Z}=18, \mathrm{A}=42$

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Key Concepts

Atomic Number

The atomic number (Z) of an element indicates the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It defines the identity of the element and its position in the periodic table. In problems related to atomic structure, knowing the atomic number is crucial because it determines the number of electrons in a neutral atom as well.

Mass Number

The mass number (A) is the total number of nucleons present in the nucleus, which includes both protons and neutrons. It is a key quantity that helps in understanding the isotopic composition of an element, as isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Neutron Number Calculation

The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number (total number of nucleons). This relationship, expressed as Neutrons = A - Z, is fundamental in nuclear chemistry and physics for determining the composition and stability of isotopes.

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