How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the...

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following atoms or ions? a. ${ }_{12}^{24} \mathrm{Mg}$ b. ${ }_{12} \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ c. $\frac{19}{27} \mathrm{Co}^{2+}$ d. $\frac{59}{27} \mathrm{Co}^{3+}$ e. ${ }_{27}^{19} \mathrm{Co}$ $\mathbf{f} . \quad{ }_{34}^{7} \mathrm{Se}$ g. ${ }_{34}^{7} \mathrm{Se}^{2-}$ h. $\frac{63}{28} \mathrm{Ni}$ $\mathbf{i}_{e} \frac{\omega y}{2 \times} N i^{2+}$

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following atoms or ions?
a. ${ }_{12}^{24} \mathrm{Mg}$
b. ${ }_{12} \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$
c. $\frac{19}{27} \mathrm{Co}^{2+}$
d. $\frac{59}{27} \mathrm{Co}^{3+}$
e. ${ }_{27}^{19} \mathrm{Co}$
$\mathbf{f} . \quad{ }_{34}^{7} \mathrm{Se}$
g. ${ }_{34}^{7} \mathrm{Se}^{2-}$
h. $\frac{63}{28} \mathrm{Ni}$
$\mathbf{i}_{e} \frac{\omega y}{2 \times} N i^{2+}$

Key Concepts

Ions

Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, giving them a net electric charge. Cations are positively charged due to the loss of electrons, while anions are negatively charged due to the gain of electrons.

Nuclear Notation

Nuclear notation is a systematic representation of an atom's composition. It conventionally shows the element's symbol along with its atomic number as a subscript and its mass number as a superscript, encapsulating key information about the number of protons and neutrons.

Electrons

Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, whereas ions have an imbalance of electrons relative to protons, resulting in a net charge.

Neutrons

Neutrons are neutral subatomic particles located in the nucleus that contribute to the mass of an atom. The number of neutrons is found by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number, which helps determine the isotope.

Protons

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus. Their number, equal to the atomic number, defines the element and influences its chemical properties.

Mass Number

The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. It is represented as the superscript in nuclear notation and helps in identifying the specific isotope of an element.

Atomic Number

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It is typically denoted by the subscript in nuclear notation and determines the chemical identity of the element.

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