Identify each of the following changes of state as...

Identify each of the following changes of state as evaporation, boiling, or condensation: a. At $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C},$ the water in a pan changes to steam. b. On a cool morning, the windows in your car fog up. c. A shallow pond dries up in the summer. d. Your teakettle whistles when the water is ready for tea.

Identify each of the following changes of state as evaporation, boiling, or condensation:
a. At $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C},$ the water in a pan changes to steam.
b. On a cool morning, the windows in your car fog up.
c. A shallow pond dries up in the summer.
d. Your teakettle whistles when the water is ready for tea.

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Key Concepts

Evaporation

Evaporation is a process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid gain enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces and enter the gas phase. This change of state can occur at any temperature below the boiling point and is typically a gradual process, often influenced by factors like surface area, temperature, and humidity.

Boiling

Boiling is a rapid phase transition from the liquid state to the gas state that occurs when a substance is heated to its boiling point, allowing vaporization to occur throughout the entire body of the liquid. This process is marked by the formation of vapor bubbles within the liquid, which rise and burst at the surface, and it requires the input of latent heat to overcome the liquid’s intermolecular forces.

Condensation

Condensation is the process where gas molecules lose enough thermal energy to revert to the liquid phase, typically occurring when the gas is cooled or comes into contact with a cooler surface. This transformation is responsible for phenomena such as dew forming on surfaces, as the vapor releases latent heat and transitions back into liquid form.

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