Identify each of the following groups as an activator or deactivator and as an o, p -director or

Identify each of the following groups as an activator or...

Key Concepts

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS)

Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a reaction mechanism in which an aromatic ring reacts with an electrophile to replace a hydrogen atom. The reaction is influenced by substituents already present on the aromatic ring, which can alter the electron density and therefore the reactivity of the ring toward electrophiles.

Activating and Deactivating Groups

Activating groups are substituents that increase the electron density of the aromatic ring, making it more reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. In contrast, deactivating groups withdraw electron density from the aromatic system, rendering it less reactive toward electrophiles. The difference arises from the ability of these groups to donate or withdraw electrons by resonance or inductive effects.

Directing Effects in Aromatic Substitution

Directing effects refer to the orientation of the substitution on the aromatic ring, dictated by the existing substituent. Ortho/para directors guide incoming substituents to the ortho and para positions and are typically electron-donating, while meta directors direct substitutions to the meta position and are generally electron-withdrawing. These effects are a direct consequence of the electronic interactions between the substituent and the aromatic ring during the formation of the intermediate complex.

Transcript

0:00 All right.

00:01 We're given four groups here, and we have to determine if they are ortho -parodirecting and if they are activated or deactivators or what have you.

00:10 So i recommend going to page 581 that introduces directing groups, substituents, and activation.

00:17 And it gives you this lovely scheme here in figure 16 .11 that talks about gives you basically a nice, it'll help you answer the question, has that.

00:30 Right.

00:31 So you have this, this is a, an a, you have a dimethyl amino group.

00:36 So you know that amino groups, nh2, are strong activating species.

00:42 So you can imagine that having two methyl groups instead of two hydrogens is even more activating.

00:46 So now those methyl groups are, you know that methyl groups with benzene are electron donating groups, right? so you have those, you have the electrons from those carbons now that are able to donate electron density into the nitrogen, it makes that nitrogen loan pair able to, it allows nitrogen to donate more electron density into the ring.

01:09 So this is going to be an activating species, and it's going to be ortho -paradirecting.

01:18 Probably favors the power position.

01:19 That dimethyl amino group is pretty bulky, so it might hinder the orthocytes.

01:24 B is just a stradal alkali.

01:27 It's a cycle pencil ring.

01:28 Nothing too special about this...

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