Identify, from each list below, the compound or compounds...

Identify, from each list below, the compound or compounds that will dissolve in water to give a solution that is only a very weak conductor of electricity. (a) $\mathrm{NH}_{3}, \mathrm{NaOH}, \mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}, \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}$ (b) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}, \mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}, \mathrm{HF}, \mathrm{HNO}_{3}$

Identify, from each list below, the compound or compounds that will dissolve in water to give a solution that is only a very weak conductor of electricity.
(a) $\mathrm{NH}_{3}, \mathrm{NaOH}, \mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}, \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}$
(b) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}, \mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}, \mathrm{HF}, \mathrm{HNO}_{3}$

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Key Concepts

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are substances that, when dissolved in water, produce ions that are capable of conducting an electric current. Their ability to conduct electricity depends on both the concentration and mobility of the ions created in the solution.

Strong Electrolytes

Strong electrolytes are compounds that dissociate completely in water to yield a high concentration of ions, resulting in a solution that conducts electricity very well. Typical examples include many salts, strong acids, and strong bases.

Weak Electrolytes

Weak electrolytes only partially dissociate in water, which means they produce relatively few ions in solution. As a result, their solutions conduct electricity only poorly compared to strong electrolytes. This behavior is characteristic of many weak acids and weak bases.

Solubility and Sparing Dissociation

The solubility of a compound affects its conductivity because only the portion that dissolves can contribute ions to the solution. Some compounds are sparingly soluble, meaning that even when they do dissolve, the low concentration of ions results in very low electrical conductivity.

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