Problem

Classify the following as acid-base reactions or …

03:06

Problem 19 Medium Difficulty

Identify the atoms that are oxidized and reduced, the change in oxidation state for each, and the oxidizing and reducing agents in each of the following equations:
(a) $\operatorname{Mg}(s)+\operatorname{NiCl}_{2}(a q) \longrightarrow \operatorname{MgCl}_{2}(a q)+\operatorname{Ni}(s)$
(b) $\mathrm{PCl}_{3}(l)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{PCl}_{5}(s)$
(c) $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(g)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)$
(d) $\mathrm{Zn}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{ZnSO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)$
(e) $2 \mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{I}_{2}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}(s)+2 \mathrm{KI}(s)$
(f) $3 \mathrm{Cu}(s)+8 \mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q) \longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)+2 \mathrm{NO}(g)+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$

Answer

(a) acid-base reaction
(b) oxidation-reduction reaction
(c) oxidation-reduction reaction
(d) acid-base reaction
(e) oxidation-reduction reaction
(f) acid-base reaction

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Chemistry

Chapter 4

Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions

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Video Transcript

in this question were asked to identify the atoms that are oxidizer reduced to find the change in oxidation state for each Adam and list the oxidizing reducing agent for each of the equations. So here I've got this table and we can list UH, ohs. What's being oxidized? Ours. What's being reduced? Always that oxidizing. Agent Reyes. The reducing agent. Uh, so let's begin. Magnesium in solid form. Those are Xerox Nation state chlorine, always minus one There, too. Negative charges that must be balanced out by two positive charges on nickel quarried again minus one. Always magnesium. If they're too negative, Turner's magnesium must balance it with two positive charges and nickel solids. Zeros. It's magnesium goes from zero to plus two. It's losing electrons, it's oxidized, and nickel goes from plus two zero. It's beginning electrons. It's being reduced. Now what's being reduced? What's gaining the electrons must be taking them from what's being oxidized. That we call what is being reduced. The oxidizing agent. It's nickel that the opposite is true if magnesium is losing electrons, giving them to nickel, so it's reducing. Nicholas that reducing agent. This will be true down the board. What is oxidized is the reducing agent. What is reduced is the oxidizing agent. All right for B goings again minus ones. There are three of them. That was we balance by three positive charges and phosphorus chlorine in the gas form that zero. Here we have minus one. Corinne again, if there are five of them, must rebounds with five bye phosphorus. The faster it goes from plus three two plus five loses electrons. It's oxidized chlorine because from minus 12 minus one. But some of the Koreans go from zero minus one. Those air gaining electrons. They're being reduced again. What's reduced? The oxidizing agent and what's oxidized, reducing agent Here hide Riggins. Always plus ones. They're four of them, and there are only two carpets bouncing out. Each of them must be minus two. Auction doesn't gas form that zero auction with a carbon. Now that's minus two, as it normally is. There two of them that's minus four must be balanced out with plus four on the carbon oxygen with hydrogen in water vapor. When it's too, and Hodgins always plus one, carbon goes from minus 22 plus four. So it's losing electrons. It's being oxidized hydrogen goes from plus one plus one doesn't change, but oxygen goes from zero to minus two, so it's being reduced. What's reduced is the oxidizing agent wants oxidized. It's the reducing agent sink solid form zero so far and hs afore sulfuric acid. Those are always minus twos. Each is always plus ones. So if therefore negative two charges, that's minus eight to positive one charges plus two. The difference is plus six that to be neutral now you have Zinc sa SA four. That's minus two on the oxygen's sell. Fake groups have minus two charges. Overalls. That means ink must have had a plus to charge. So we have four negative to Turner's, minus eight plus to that leaves us with minus +63 Balance by the sulfur that's plus sex and hydrogen. The gas for by itself is a zero, so it sinks, going from zero to plus two losing electrons. Oxidized hydrogen goes from plus 1 to 0. It's gaining electrons, it's reduced, and sulfur and oxygen are changing hair again. What's reduced is the oxidizing agent and what's oxidizes the reducing agent key to as to go. Three auctions always minds, too. Potassium is always plus one. So if you have three days to charges, that's negative. Six to positive one charges That's plus two that leaves plus four split between two sulphur atoms that each plus two iodine by itself in solid form of zero. Here again, oxygen demise too. Passings plus one six negative. Two charges is minus 12 to positive one Charges gets plus two set leaves minus 10 to be balanced. Split that between force offers. This is a little odd, but that would be plus 2.5. Normally, we think of oxidation states asshole numbers. However, if you were to draw the lewis dot structure for this que tu es four of six compound, you would see that some of the salters have positive oxidation states. Some of the salters have negative oxidation states. If you average the four solvers who come into an average oxidation state of plus 2.5, that's why that's not a whole number. And here we have protesting ID ID. ID ID is minus one. Task is possible, so potassium goes from plus one plus one plus one doesn't change. Sulfur goes from plus two to plus 2.5, so it's losing electrons. So is being oxidized auction because reminders to my eyes, too, doesn't change. But I think goes from zero to minus one. So it's gaining electrons. It's reduced once more. Well, it's reduced the oxidizing agent and what's oxidizes the reducing agent. Finally, in part F copper and solid form that zero oxygen's are minus twos. Hydrogen czar plus ones. There are three negative two charges that's minus six. If there's one positive one charge that leaves us with plus five to make this neutral, hear oxygen's minus two. Um, nitrates normally have minus one charges. Overall, if there are two of them to balance of the copper, copper must have been a plus two. Now the sulfur nitrogen. If we have two times 36 oxygen's, that gives us six times negative to its negative. 12. We have two coppers. That means we have 10 positive charges to be split between not one but two nitrogen Sze have bean. Each of them is plus five auction. My eyes, too naturally, must been plus two. Auction minus two. Hydrogen is for plus ones. Copper goes from zero to plus two loses electrons. Oxidized hydrogen goes from plus one two plus one doesn't change. Nitrogen goes from plus five plus five, but some of them go. Two plus two says they're gaining electrons. They are reduced. What's reduces the oxidizing agent, it's oxidized, is the reducing agent.

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